Chapter 1
I. What is language? In its broadest sense, it is the expression of ideas by any means whatever. In its narrow sense, it is the expression of ideas by means of vocal sounds or by means of letters which represent those sounds. Question 2. What is voice? It is tone produced by the combined action of the larynx and breath. 3. What is speech? It is voice modified by
the organs of articulation for the purpose of expressing thought. 4. What is an elementary sound? A speech sound that cannot be separated into parts. 5. How many elementary sounds in the English language? An almost infinite number of possible speech sounds. Authorities differ as to the number. Webster gives 45. 6. What is the science of articulate sounds, their physical character and formation called?
Phonetics. 7. How are oral elements classified? In various ways. The most common classification is according to the amount of pure tone into vocals, subvocals, and aspirates. 8. What is a vocal? A speech sound but little interrupted by the vocal organs, as in the sound of a. 9. What is a subvocal? A speech sound much interrupted by the vocal organs, as in the letter b. 10. What is an aspirate? It is a mere breathing, as the sound of h.
11. What is grammar? It is the science of language. 12. What is the importance of the study of grammar? The art of correct speaking and writing is based upon its laws. 13. What is the standard of correct speaking and writing? The usage of the best speakers and writers. 14. Into how many parts is grammar divided? 4. Orthography, etymology, syntax, and prosody.
