Chapter 7
B.C. Death of Socrates, 399. Death of Plato, 347. Xeno, 347-275. Studied under Cretes, 325. Studied under Stilpo and Xenocrates, 325-315. Began Teaching, 315. Epicurus, 341-270. Death of Aristotle, 322. Death of Xenocrates, 315. Cleanthes succeeded Xeno, 275. Chrysippus died, 207. Xeno of Tarsus succeeded Chrysippus, no date. Decree of the Senate forbidding the teaching of philosophy at Rome, 161.
No date. Embassy of the Philosophers to Rome, 155. Antipater of Tarsus, no date. Panaceus accompanied Africanus on his mission to the east, 143. His treatise on propriety was the basis of Cicero's De officius. The Scipionic Circle at Rome, no date. The Coterie was deeply tinctured with Stoicism. Its chief members were the younger Africanus, the younger Lelius, L. Thurius Phyllus, Menelius, Spurius Mummius, P. Rutilus Rufus, Q. Aelius, Tubero, Polybius and Panaceus. Suicide of Blasius of Cumae, the advisor of Tiberius Gracchus and a disciple of Antipater of Tarsus, 130. Nisarchus, a disciple of Panaceus, was teaching at Athens when the orator Crassus visited that city, 111.
Hecaton of Rhodes, a great Stoic writer, a disciple of Panaceus and a friend of Tubero. Posidonius, about 128 to 44. Born at Epamia in Syria, became a citizen of Rhodes, represented the Rhodians at Rome, 86. Cicero studied under him at Rhodes, 78. Came to Rome again at an advanced stage, 51. Cicero's philosophical works, 54 to 44. These are our main authority for our knowledge of the Stoics. AD. Philo of Alexandria came on an embassy to Rome, 39. The works of Philo are saturated with Stoic ideas and he displays an exact acquaintance with their terminology. Seneca. Exiled to Corsica, 41. Recalled from exile, 49. Forced by Nero to commit suicide, 65. His moral epistles and philosophical works generally are written from the Stoic standpoint, though somewhat affected by eclecticism.
80. The philosophical works of Plutarch which have most bearing upon the Stoics are 90. A freed man of Epaphroditus, disciple of C. Musonius Rufus, lived and taught at Rome until AD 90, when the philosophers were expelled by Domitian, then retired to Nicopolis in Epirus where he spent the rest of his life. 91. Epictetus wrote nothing of himself, but his dissertations, as preserved by Arian, from which the Enshiridion is excerpted, contain the most pleasing presentation that we have of the moral philosophy of the Stoics. C. Musonius Rufus. Banished to Gyaros, 65. Returned to Rome, 68. Tried to intervene between the armies of Vitellius and Vespasian, 69. Procured the condemnation of Publius Salair, no date. C. Junius Rusticus. 162. Teacher of M. Aurelius who learnt from him to appreciate Epictetus. M. Aurelius Antoninus Emperor. 161-180. Wrote the book commonly called his Meditations under the title of To Himself. He may be considered the last of the Stoics.
Three later authorities for the Stoic teaching are Diogenes Laertius, 200, Sextus Empiricus, 225, Stobaeus, 500. Modern Works. Van Arnhem's Addition of the Fragmenta Stoichorum Viterum. Pearson's Fragments of Zeno and Cleanthes. Pit Press. Remains of C. Musonius Rufus in the Tubner series. Zellers. Stoics and Epicureans. Sir Alexander Grant. Ethics of Aristotle. Essay 6 on the Ancient Stoics. Lightfoot on the Philippians. Dissertation 2. St. Paul and Seneca. Thank you for watching.
