menu_book Chapter 32

Section 32 of Genetic Studies of Genius, Volume 2, The Early Mental Traits of 300 Geniuses by Catherine Cox. For more information on a volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recorded by Leon Harvey. Chapter 20. Cases Rated at AI IQ 160-170. Part 1.

Jacques Benin Bousset, 1627-704 A French prelate and celebrated pulpit orator, historian, and theological writer. AIIQ 160 AIIQ 160 1. Family Standing

Bousset came of a family of magistrates, remarkable for their good sense, activity, and religious faith. Several members of his immediate family were priests, including his father who entered the church in old age after he had achieved eminence in a successful career as a lawyer. Of Bossert's mother it is known only that she was a pious woman who consecrated her son to the church at the time of his birth. 2. Development to 817 1. Interests

Bossert had from the first but two interests in life, religion and scholarship. 2. Education His unusual ability was early discovered by his uncle, and he was sent to the Jesuit school in Dijon, where he received a classical and religious education. At the age of eight, he was given the tonsure by the Bishop of Langueres as a sign of consecration at the church, and at thirteen he went to the College of Nevers in Paris to study theology. 3. School's Standing and Progress

From the first, he surpassed all others of his age, and masters and pupils soon measured him only in terms of his own ability. It was a child only in appearance. His mind was mature at birth. At Paris it became as noted as a Dijon. On account of his talent for speaking, the university chose him for public address on festival days. He became an object of admiration and was soon snatched from his obscurity.

Four, friends and associates, no specific record. Five, reading. Boussard early developed a passion for reading, being especially fond of poetry. Homer he placed above all poets and orators, always referring to him as a divine Homer. And he also greatly admired Horace and Virgil, but the Bible was his favourite book, especially the poetry of the Bible.

6. Production Achievement At the age of 13, Beaussept became a canon of Metz. At 16, on going to Paris, he was invited at the Hotel de Rambouillet to give an extempore sermon. In his address, he contrasted the glory of Jesus with the glory of earthly potentates and heroes, developing a comparison between the lives of Christ and Alexander the Great,

and concluded with a description on the Last Judgment. The admiration excited by his brilliant discourse was echoed throughout Paris. While at Nevers, Boussard had been wont to attend the theatre, where he was charmed by the tragedies of Corneo, and under this influence he began to write Madrigal's and Pears' poems in the

preciel taste of the age. Cioso 2-3. Seven Evidences of Precocity. C2, 2, 3 and 6. According to Lambertin, Boussard exhibited no faults or foibles in his childhood. He seemed to have no other passion than the good and the beautiful. His appearance even at 13 attracted admiration as an index of rare genius and spirituality. AIIQ 160 Relative Culture Data 0.60. 3. Development from 17 and 26.

At 17, Bousset received the bachelor's degree in philosophy, and two years later in theology for a thesis dedicated to Conde. The great hero came in person to listen and participate in the discussion. This was the beginning of a warm friendship between the distinguished statesman and the young preacher. Nine months later, Bousset was ordained to subdeacon at the Langres, and at this time he definitely gave up his life to the church.

During the year he wrote Meditation sur la Bavette de la Vie. Bousset formed a friendship with Saint Vincent du Paul, who also played on his religious zeal as to lead him almost into fanaticism. He maintained his equilibrium by studying poetry and oratory, and by visiting the theatre where he heard the great tragedians.

At 25, having passed a brilliant examination in Nevers, Bousset was obtained a priest, and the following month was made a doctor of Notre-Dame. In the same year, having been created Archdeacon of Cereborg, he withdrew to Metz, where he soon gained fame for his brilliant sermons and orations. AIIQ 160, Willard of Coursera Data.53 Henry Peter Brougham, 1778-1868 A celebrated British statesman, orator, jurist and scientist.

AIIQ 160, AIIQ 170 1. Family Stunning Brownham's grandfather was a prosperous attorney who acted as steward to the Dukes of Norfolk. Of the father it is known only that due to a great shock, he lost his reason for a time. The mother was a woman of rare sagacity and unusual powers of judgment.

Her father was a minister of the Church of Scotland. Her uncle was Dr. Robertson, the historian. It was to his maternal grandmother, however, that Brougham felt he owed most. Beautiful, intellectual, and clear in understanding, she instilled in her grandson the first principles of the persevering energy that enabled him to accomplish what he did. 2. Development to age 17

1. Interests Brougham's interests were at first scholastic and literary, then scientific, and finally legal. See 2, 3, 5, and 6. 2. Education Just after Brougham had been taught to read by his father,

a fever destroyed all his knowledge, so that he could not recall even the letters. With returning health came rapid relearning, and before long Henry was ready to enter a day school. His grandmother worked with him day by day, and such was his progress that at seven, he had outgrown his first school and was ready for his second. At eleven, he entered a third school in which he was enrolled for two years,

although he was absent practically the whole of the first year on account of illness. When he left this school, he was ready for college, but was considered still too young to enter the higher institution. Consequently, he remained with his family, who were spending the year in the country. A tutor had been engaged to supervise the boy's studies, but Henry depended little on this guidance. Always did his work by himself, scorning assistants, and never applied for help when he could possibly avoid it.

During the year, the boy read the classics with his father, and, encouraged by him, tried his hand at writing. At 14 he entered the university. Before he was 17 he had exhausted the ordinary university curriculum in the humanities, physics, rhetoric and ethics, but without graduating, since the university gave neither examinations nor degrees except in medicine. His choice of law as a profession necessitated attendance at university lectures for two additional years. 3. School standing and progress

Under his grandmother's careful tuition, little Brougham not only won and kept a good place in his class, but even made his teacher confess himself in error on a dispute point in Latin. This victory won the boy great credit among his schoolfellows, and Brougham was called the boy that had licked the master. At his third school, aged 11 to 13, the teacher excited in his pupils an ardent love for the subjects taught and a spirit of inquiry into all things that related to them.

During the period of his illness, Brougham made distinct progress in learning. He kept up his reading and tried his hand at composition. His mother records, He went through all the classics with credit and came away ducks of the fifth class. The examination was in August, at which time he had not reached the age of 13,

an age unusually early considering too that he had been only one year instead of two, the usual number in the rector's class. At 16 at the university, Brown hit on the binominal theorem by induction, as he decided to master the flexional calculus. His professor, Playfair, advised him to read Bezoit, and this he did with much profit.

4. Friends and Associates Before he was 14, Braum's chief associates were his teachers and the members of his family. At the university, aged 14 to 17, he was closely associated with a group of men, later distinguished as statesmen, warriors, or churchmen, whose celebrity was destined to spread far beyond the confines of Edinburgh.

The eminent mathematician, Playfair, became a lifelong friend and correspondent. 5. Reading. An omniborous reader, with the tenacious memory and almost superhuman powers of application, he amassed a store of miscellaneous learning during his early years, beyond the wildest imagination of schoolboy or undergraduate self-the-tweed. He had a wide and fairly accurate knowledge of the Roman poets, orators, and historians. He memorised large portions of Cicero and Virgil, but they were ever at the tip of his tongue, and he possessed the gift of terse and close translation from Latin to English. 6. Production Achievement In the year before he entered the university, Brown tried his hand at writing English essays and tales of fiction.

One of the latter, Memnon, or Human Wisdom, shows the boy's power of keen philosophical analysis and his even keener satire. A letter recording the making of a translation of Flowers and reporting strenuous scholastic activities bears witness to his excellence of style. Two months after Brougham entered the university, he instigated the establishment of a debating society, of which he became the first president. The following year, aged 15, he was elected to the famous speculative society,

which numbered among its members the most distinguished students of the university. By not satisfied with the weekly meetings of this organisation, he founded, for practically the same group of young men, the Academy of Physics, before which he presented papers on law reform. At 16 or 17, Brown submitted to the Berlin Academy of Sciences an essay on the deflection of a projectile from a vertical plane, embodying the results that he and his brothers had obtained in trying out this principle experimentally.

Brown devoted some time to the investigation of purisms and to experiments on light and colours. He submitted a paper to the Royal Society containing some additions to the Newtonian doctrine. This was accepted and printed in the Society's transactions. Curiously enough, this paper contained the suggestion of the principles from which photography was later to be developed. But this part of the discussion was omitted from the work as printed.

Fifty years later, photography was developed independently by other investigators. 7. Evidences of Precocity Brown's mother recorded of her son that from a tender age he excelled all his contemporaries. Nothing to him was a labour. No task was prescribed that was not performed long before the time expected.

His grandmother used to compare him to the admirable Crichton, from his excelling in everything he undertook. From mere infancy he showed a marked attention to everything he saw, and this before he could speak afterward to everything he heard, and he had a memory the most root-tentive.

He spoke distinctly several words when he was eight months and two weeks old, and this attitude to learn continued progressive. His earliest recorded utterance was due to a nasty tumble downstairs. Have you hurt your head? inquired the anxious parent. Sure, ma'am, it was cracked before, was the reply.

Being the inevitable phase of excuse of a mate's servant, from whose hands no breakable article was safe. See also 2, 3, 5 and 6. AIR Q 160, Relative Courage of Data 0.75. 3. Development from 17 and 26

Brouwer, made 17, having exhausted the usual university curriculum, was driven to choose a profession. He elected to study for the bar, but did not neglect his scientific studies. He continued to attend lectures in mathematics and experimental sciences. During the next three years, in the midst of a ride-activities, two papers on optics were produced and one on porisms. Walking tours in the Highlands and a winter in Denmark and Sweden in the

comfort of a number of friends, including Lord Stuart de Brothsay, broke the routine of study. Brougham, aged 22, was admitted an advocate of the Scots bar on his return from the continental trip. The same year his brother Peter was killed in a duel and as a consequence Henry Brougham's mind became temporarily unhinged. In the following years the study and practice of law became

distasteful to him and he devoted more and more time to science and literature. He was a constant attender at the debates of the Speculist Society and planned the foundations of the Edinburgh Review in collaboration with Smith and Geoffrey. The Review, the first number which appeared when Brougham was 24, was somewhat unexpectedly an immediate success. For the first four numbers, Brougham wrote 24 articles on literature, science and politics. Although not perhaps of the quality of the most eminent essayists, still those early productions maintained a good general level of excellence.

Of Browham at this time, a critic wrote, As a general utility man, prepared to take any subject at a moment's notice, equally ready to smash a professor or gibbet a poet, he was that rival for either vigor or variety. At the age of 25, Browham was made a fellow of the Royal Society

in recognition of his scientific work. In the meantime, his law cases had not progressed any too favourably, and so in order to gain a reputation, he went on circuit following Judge Lord S. Grove. By this proof, I'm congenial, and he abandoned the practice after one trial. Fired with the prospect of a political career, Brown now went south and entered Lincoln's Inn.

After a tour of Holland and Italy, he finally settled in London, where his writings in the Edinburgh Review had already made him, at 26, a man of some mark. AIIQ 170, Relive Cotian Data, 0.75 Philippa Melanchin, 1497-1560, German reformer, famous as the collaborator of Luther. AIIQ 160, AIIQ 180

1. Family Standing Melanchthon's father was a skilful armourer, who early won the favour of his elector by his clever workmanship. His fame spread beyond the limits of the extrovert, and he was constantly in demand among foreign princes. The Emperor Maximilian, delighted with his work, presented him with a coat of arms and retained him in his employ. Philip's maternal grandfather was a fine, intelligent man of superior education.

The maternal grandmother, a sister of the celebrated pre-Reformation scholar Ruchlin, was concerned for her grandchildren's education and took charge of their training after the death of their father and grandfather. Philip's mother, virtuous and well-bred, was beloved of her children. 2. Development to age 17 1. Interests

Melanchthon was always fond of scholarly pursuits. His studies covered a wide range, for he sought to know everything and to be a master in every science. He would often gather together a few schoolfellows for the purpose of discussing what had been read and learned. His enthusiasm for classical literature was great, and even before he was 17, he had come to occupy a conspicuous place among the humanists,

who were rising in opposition to the monkish pedantry of the day. 2. Education Young Philip was sent to the town school, and there, well drilled in the rudiments of knowledge, he made rapid progress. Later he was instructed at home by an excellent teacher, John Unger, recommended by Brooklyn. who, correcting every mistake with the rod, grounded him thoroughly in grammar and syntax,

and inculcated modesty, honesty, and love for truth. At age of 10, Philip entered the excellent Latin school of Frosheim, where he came under Simler, a superior Latin scholar with a rare knowledge of Greek and Hebrew. Here he was one of the favoured few admitted to the master's instruction in Greek. In his 13th year, Melanchthon was matriculated under philosophical faculty in the University of Heidelberg.

He repersed his studies largely by himself, reading history, drama and the ancient classics, and studying dialectics and the philosophy of Aristotle, while attending lectures on mathematics and astronomy. He passed his final examinations when he was not yet 15. At the end of another year, he had fulfilled the requirements for the MA degree, but denied his honour because of his youth. He transferred his matriculation to Tubajin.

In addition to the studies pursued at Heidelberg, he now took up Hebrew medicine and theology. receiving the MA degree at the age of 16. 3. School Standing and Progress Melanchthon had quick perception, acute penetration, a retentive memory, an ardent thirst for knowledge and the ability to express his thoughts of accuracy and precision.

In school and out here was incessantly asking questions. He was known for proficiency in grammar and was irresistible in dispute. At Forzheim he surpassed all his schoolfellows, among whom were a number who later won distinction. Philip's progress so pleased his great-uncle, Ruchlin, that the latter gave his nephew a copy of his own Greco-Latin lexicon as a reward for the composition of certain Latin verses.

The boy and his schoolfellows further delighted the eminent scholar by rendering one of his school comedies with skill and elegance. At Heidelberg, Melanchthon acquired so high a reputation for proficiency in Greek, and on one occasion when the professor was forced to leave his class because of sudden illness, the instruction was left in Philip's hands. Melanchthon was one of a comparatively small portion of the student body who fulfilled the BA requirements.

He received the MA at Tubingen, the first among 11 candidates. 4. Friends and Associates The most important influence exerted on the youthful mind of Philip was his intimacy with Richelin, his great-uncle. At Heidelberg, the boy lived in the home of Dr. Spangle, a man of striking personality who assisted and encouraged his protégé. Melanchthon numbered among his university friends the nerd scholar Jacob Wimpfelling,

who embodied the rising spirit of humanistic culture, the poet Sorbel, and a number of other young men who were destined to play an important part in the events of latter years. Among these were Sturm, Billikan, and Bretz. Philip held a high place in the estimation of his associates. 5. Reading

In his early teens, Melanchthon read the poet's history and the drama with boyish avidity. He was interested in Cicero and Demosthenes, but he preferred modern works like those of Politean. He was much impressed by the sermons of Gaeler. At Tilburgen, he read Ockham, Gerson, and John Wessel at Sidiousley, and he studied Galen so carefully that he could repeat most of his works from memory.

At this time, his great-uncle Richelin gave him a Latin Bible, which he read carefully day and night, always carrying it with him. 6. Production and Achievement Two Latin poems written at the age of 13 have been preserved. They are representative of a large number of productions, several of which were published at this time in various occasional collections.

Before he was 16, Melanchthon tutored two noble youths, and in his 17th year he received a license as private docent at Tubingen to lecture on the ancient classics. He also instructed a select group of students in the Greek language. The same year he became corrector to the printer, Thomas Anshelm, a position that could at that time be held only by a learned man. He edited and almost completely rewrote the universal history by John Nuclair, and he began a translation of Plutarch and of Aratus. It is probable that he completed the outline of his grammar while still at college.

7. Evidences of Prococity, C2, 3 and 6, AIRQ 160, Relative Coaching of Data, 0.75. 3. Development from 17 to 26. Melancholy remained at Turbangerna until he was 21. The learning and talents of the youth, who was already without question the best humanistic scholar in Europe, attracted the attention of the great Erasmus, who praised his sugestity in argument, purity in style, comprehension of learned subjects,

and wide reading delicacy in the almost royal elegance of mind. Before leaving Turbogen, he had progressed from the elder humanistic school to that of the young reformers. In 1518, Frederick the Wise offered the young scholar, aged 21, who had already refused a call at Ingolstadt. the chair of Greek in his new University of Wittenberg. This offer was made on the recommendation of Ruklin,

who said that the youth was surpassed by only one scholar, Erasmus. Melanson was glad to accept the call, and found in Wittenberg a very congenial atmosphere. The first disappointment of his colleagues, who saw only that he was very young, small, diffident, hesitant, and of a frail body,

was quickly replaced by admiration and delight when they heard his first public oration, an achievement which marked the beginning of a new era in culture and religion. Almost immediately, students began to flock to Woodenburg, drawn by the reputation of the young scholar. Melanciun and Luther were at once attracted to each other, each finding the complement of his own nature in the other and esteeming his friend better than himself.

The Leipzig disputation which occurred when Melanciun was 21 was a turning point to the young man's life, for it marked the real beginning of his active participation in the work of the Reformation. When the Diet of Worms condemned Luther, Melanthion alone undertook to defend him, writing, at 24, the Apology. In his 23rd to 24th years, he wrote his most important theological work, Theological Commonplaces, an epic-making contribution to the history of theology.

For 50 years, it held first place as a theological textbook in the universities. Melanthion was married at 23. AIIQ 180, Relative Cotiented at 0.75. Louis-Alfred Charles de Mousset, 1810-1857, a celebrated French poet. AIIQ 160, AIIQ 170.

One family standing. The family of Mousset were for generations lovers of literature, and every member had literary talent. The poet's granduncle, the Marquis de Musette, gained brilliant success in 1778 with a novel in letters. Alfred's father combined literature with war and official duties.

His writings included historical works, travels, books of erudition, novels and humorous verse. This literary soldier is characterised as jovial and quick of retort, but the kindest of men and an indulgent father. The maternal grandmother, although possessing an infant fund of good sense, was a passionate and eloquent follower of John Jack's. To his mother, Alfred owed a wholesome and happy childhood. 2. Development to age 17

1. Interests In his 8th and 9th years, Alfred took keen pleasure in reading and re-reading fantastic tales and stories of chivalry, acting them out with his brother as plays. He wished to excel in all he did, and at sixteen he would rather not write at all if he could not be a Shakespeare or a Schiller. 2. Education At the age of three, Alfred began lessons in reading and writing, subjects which he pursued with great ardour in order to gain sufficient skill to carry on a correspondence with a beloved cousin.

At six he attended school for a short time and then, with his brother, was instructed by a tutor. When Alfred was 16, he received his baccalaureate degree, and was then ready to enter upon the law studies for which his family had destined him. 3. School Standing and Progress At the college of Henry IV, he was the youngest and brightest in his class, and a favourite of the master. So great were his desire to do well, and his fear of not succeeding, that he was always unhappy and agitated at school.

While studying logic and philosophy, he would reason independently and often dissatisfied with the professor's ideas. He would work at a subject penetrating to the bottom and coming up with a different conclusion from the one generally accepted. At 16, he won second prize in philosophy with a Latin dissertation on the origin of our feelings. 4. Friends and Associates At school, Moisetsu record, brilliant for one so young, aroused the jealousy of the other pupils, who combined against him and tormented him.

Paul Felcher, however, was a college friend. 5. Reading At the age of seven, Alfred and his brother devoured all of the Persian and Arabian stories they could find, beginning with the legend of the four sons of Amon. They went on through the whole series of Chivarek tales, including Roland Ferru, Amadis, Pierre de Provence, and Don Quixote.

No specific record has been found of that reading. 6. Production Achievement According to his brother, Alfred wrote his first poem in his fifteenth year. C. 2. 3. 7. Evidences of Precocity His brother says that Alfred de Mousset early gave signs of a rare precocity of intellect.

He had oratorical impulses and picturesque expression in depicting childish woes and pleasures. His reactions at the age of three were those of an older child. He was impatient to experience to the utmost every moment of time, and when one day his mother did not dress him quickly enough to meet a tempestuous desire, he stamped his foot and cried,

Hurry, Mama, all my new shoes will be old. Before he was four, he had his first love affair, not less profound because it was childish. At the age of eight, he astonished a military officer by a controversy with a colonel's son,

in which he solved a problem in statics. The cannonball test of the Stanford Binance scale. The officer prophesied then that the little prodigy would one day become a great mathematician. AI IQ 160 Relative Courage to Data .75

3. Development from 17 to 26 At 17, Moosef began the study of law, then changed to medicine, by loathing the dissection of Gertriff's. He gave this up. Thereafter, and upon the encouragement of his drawing teacher, he spent much time at the Louvre in drawing and painting. He read much Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller, Byron, Descartes, Spinoza, Cabanas, Maine, Deberon, and other writers.

Before he was 18, he was adopted sport and lectured by Victor Hugo, Alfredo Vigny, St. Biov, Merrimi, Charles Naudier, and the Deschamps brothers. And this period must have began a drama in honour of Victor Hugo, a free translation of De Quincey's Confessions, and he wrote poems among the famous Ballad to the Moon. The next year he printed his Tales of Spain and Italy, which was widely criticised. His play, Not Venetling, having failed on the stage, he began to write dramatic pieces to be read in an armchair. For so he was free from conventions and the restrictions of time and space.

At 22 he published Andrea del Soto, Caprices de Marianne, now considered a classic, and buller, very popular with college students. Between his 23rd and 25th year, he lived through the stormy love affair with George Sand, and at the end his happiness irretrievably wrecked, he sought consolation into burgery. The writings which grew out of this experience, the Four Noits and the Lettre of La Maratine, gave their author enduring fame.

A.I.I.I.Q. 170 Relative Cotient Data Point 2 William Pitt, 1759-1806 A famous English Whig statesman and orator. A.I.I.I.Q. 160 A.I.I.I.Q. 180 1. Family Standing

Pitt's father was William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, a famous statesman, ministering orator. Page 482, FF For more than a century, the Pitts had been mayors, physicians, parsons, or government officials. The mother, a countess in her own right, was a sister of two distinguished statesmen. 2. Development 2017

1. Interests So great was his admiration for his father that the younger Pitt wished to resemble him in all things. He pursued learning so vigorously, both at home and at the university, that it became his father's care to caution him against scholarly excess. In his teens, philosophy and history were the subjects to which he was most ardently devoted. Writing was a favourite pastime and courage for health's sake.

2. Education At the age of seven or earlier, William Pitt, with his brothers and sisters, was instructed by a tutor. When the father's health would permit, he never allowed a day to pass without giving instruction of some sort to his children, and the reading with them of a chapter from the Bible was a daily rite. William Pitt was schooled at home beyond the usual age because of his delicate health.

He studied the elements of mathematics and the classics, both Greek and Latin, and his tutor once observed that he grasped the meaning of an author so readily that he never seemed to learn but only to recollect. At fourteen and a half, Pitt was entered at Cambridge, where, by his father's request, he was given, in addition to the usual program,

two hours of special instruction daily by his tutors. After an illness which took him home, Pitt returned to Cambridge aged 15, and over two years he lived an austere life, never missed hall or chapel or lecture except for illness, and going into no society. 3. School studying and progress. His university tutor wrote that, although William was little more than 14 when he went to reside at the university, he had laboured under the disadvantage of frequent ill health. The knowledge which he then possessed was very considerable,

and in particular his proficiency in the learned languages was probably greater than if it was acquired by any other person in such early youth. In Latin authors he seldom met with difficulty, and it was no uncommon thing for him to read into English six or seven pages of Thucydides, which he had not previously seen, without more than two or three mistakes, and sometimes without even one.

The master of Pembroke Hall wrote to the older Pitt in regard to his son, then 15, He promises fair, indeed, to be one of those extraordinary persons whose eminent parts, equaled by his eminent industry, continue in a progressive state through their lives. The same master stated that his own experience concurred with that of the tutors, who agreed that young Pitt possessed extraordinary genius. 4. Friends and Associates Pitt's early associates were the members of his family, his tutors, and the friends of his parents.

At 16, he formed a friendship with Lord Mahon, his brother-in-law, six years his senior. 5. Reading. From an early age, William Pitt read widely. When he was ten and three quarters, his father sent him, as specimens, examples of contemporary oratory. His first books he read at Cambridge were Thucydides and Polybius. 6. Production Achievement. At 13, Pitt wrote a tragedy in five acts and blank verse, entitled Larentius, King of Clarinium, whose whole plot was political with the interest turning in a contest about a regency. Ovid McCauley said, A tragedy bad of course, but not worse than those of his friend, meaning Hayley.

The tragedy was twice presented, its five paths sustained by the five brothers and sisters, letters to his father from college show at 14, ease and ability and style. 7. Evidences of Blococity At a very early age, Pitt exhibited the polished manners and manly behaviour of a cultured gentleman. At seven, he was writing letters to his father, and the same year, he delivered an invitation on his own initiative in the style of a man of the world.

Even at this early age, he had political aspirations. His tutor, writer Mr. William, to his mother observed, Three months ago, he told me in a very serious conversation that he was glad he was not the eldest son, but that he could serve his country in the house of commons like his papa. A contemporary wrote, Though a boy in years and appearance, Mr. Pitt's manners were formed and his behaviour manly.

He mixed in conversation with unaffected vivacity and delivered his sentiments with perfect ease. Equally free from shyness and flippancy, and always with strict attention to poetry and decorum. Lord Chatham had encouraged him to talk without reserve upon every subject, which frequently afforded opportunity for conveying useful information and just notions of persons and things. Before he was seven, William Pitt was referred to by his mother as an eager Mr. William.

And at seven and one-third, William and his sister continually astonished their tutor by their ardor, which could not be diminished either by too many tasks or too few. The tutor wrote, When I am alone reading Mr. Pitt, if it is anything he may attend to, constantly place himself by me, where his steady attention and sage remarks are not only entertaining, but useful, as they frequently throw a light upon the subject as strongly impress it on my memory. The First Lady Holland is quoted as saying, Here is a little William Pitt, not eight years old, and really the cleverest child I ever saw.

When this remarkable boy was thirteen, his mother said of him that he enjoyed, with the highest pleasure, what would be above the reach of any other creature of his small age. The following year, he was described by the poet Hayley as now a wonderful boy of fourteen, who eclipsed his brother, three years older, in conversation. The older Pitt quotes his friend Hollis, who remarked that Consular's Williams fine recounts and said,

You see how distinct and clear his ideas are. During a thunderstorm, the boy was reading to his father, and no more moved his eye out of the book than Archimedes left his geometry when the tower stormed. William Pitt at 14 was as forward as most lads at 17 or 18. AI IQ 160. Relived kosher data 0.75. 3. Development from 17 to 26

At 17, Pitt received the MA degree without examination, and he was the son of a peer. Thereafter, for three years, he remained at Cambridge studying assiduously. His favourite subject was mathematics, but he read fully on law, philosophy, and classics. He carefully prepared himself for public speaking by translation, study of orations, and comparison of opposing speeches on the same subject. Although he mixed freely with other young men, his chief interests were still scholarly rather than social.

When Pitt was 19, his father died and he inherited a small income. With an uncle's assistance, he entered Lincoln's Inn and began the study of law. But from his letters written between the ages of 17 and 21, we know that politics was the most important subject in his mind. He visited Parliament and astonished Fox with the acuity of his criticisms and speeches. At 21, he was called to the bar and left Cambridge.

He contested the general election of Cambridge and lost, but surely outwards received a seat by personal appointment. His maiden speech annexed temporaneous effort, astonished the House. Burke was impressed and Fox considered Pitt one of the first men in Parliament. Two years later, he introduced a bill for the reform of representation, but it was defeated. At this time, age 23, he announced in the House he would accept no office less than a cabinet minister's

and turned down an easy post with a salary of £5,000. In the same year, he became Chancellor of the Exequator under Sherborne and spoke strongly in favour of peace with the United States. He was offered the premiership but refused to accept it as his party lacked strength. At 24, Pitt spent six weeks in France where he was much sought after by persons of distinction.

During his year, he became Prime Minister, and he held the office continuously for the next 18 years. AIIQ 180, Relief Cotian Vita, Pointed 2. Alexander Pope, 1688-1744, an English poet. AIIQ 160, AIIQ 170, One Family Standing. Pope's parents were a plain, honest middle-class couple, gifted with plenty of common sense and still more uncommon tact.

The father was a linen merchant, who had the wish to make a small fortune and to retire from business before he was too old to adapt himself to a leisured country life. The mother, who was past 40 at the time of her marriage, was the daughter of a small Yorkshire landowner. 2. Development to Head 17 1. Interests Young Pope was passionately fond of reading and indifferent to fresh air and exercise.

It is characteristic of him that, at twelve, seeing Dryden, he observed him very particularly, for even then he looked upon him with veneration. 2. Education The boy acquired a knowledge of his letters from an old aunt. Writing he acquired on his own account by copying from printed books, and he learned the rudiments of Greek and Latin, at eight, from the family priest. Pope attended two Catholic schools, one at Twyford and the other in London, the latter under a careless master.

A few months under the further instruction of a priest completed, when he was twelve, his regular schooling. Thereafter he took to reading for himself, and at fifteen went to London to study French and Italian, remaining, however, only a few months. 3. School Standing and Progress At Twyford, Pope wrote a lampoon on his master, and was flogged for it. Thereupon his indulgent father removed him from school.

At the London school he made little progress beyond gaining a slight familiarity with Cicero. He spent much of his time attending the theatre, studying plays and making verses. 4. Friends and Associates In his youth, Pope associated chiefly with men of mature years, who encouraged and advised him in his versification. Among these were Sir William Trumbull, William Walsh, Henry Cromwell and Wachale, the dramatist, who was 48 years Pope senior.

Walsh advised his young friend to make it his aim always to be correct in his poetry. 5. Reading At eight, Pope read with rapture, or Gilby's translation of Homer. He liked extremely Sandy's Ovid, and part of Statius. After leaving school, he read with great eagerness and enthusiasm a great number of English, French, Italian, Latin, and Greek poets,

following his own fancy, however, rather than any fixed design. Six, production achievement Pope began writing verses of his own invention, farther back than he could remember. At twelve he wrote a play consisting of a number of speeches from the Iliad, tacked together with verses of his own, and this was acted by his schoolfellows.

He was twelve when he wrote the Ode to Solitude, and a year later he began an epic poem on Alcander, Prince of Rhodes, writing four thousand lines and surviving examples of which show considerable dexterity in the handling of heroic meter. It was about this time also that he wrote his translation of the first book of Stadius' Thebaes,

of Ovid's Epistle from Sappho to Phaion, of more than a quarter of the Metamorphoses and of Caesareus de Senectut. In his sixteenth year, the young poet began his pastorels, which even in latter years he considered the most correct and musical of all his works. 7. Evidences of Prococity From his infancy, Pope was considered a prodigy. Because of the sweetness of his youthful voice, the family called him the Little Nightingale.

In early youth, he worked with such intensity, and so completely neglected all exercise that his health was shattered by the time he was 17, and a hereditary tendency due to spinal trouble and nervous headaches developed. C. 2.6 A.I.I.Q. 160 Relative Kosher Data Point 2 3. Development from 1726 The pastorals soon appeared in print, and were much praised by contemporaries.

When Pope was 23, his essay on criticism, printed at least two years earlier, was published, but it did not sell well. Later was called by Addison a masterpiece of its kind, and Dr Johnson said Pope never surpassed this early work. When the poet was 24, his messiah, a sacred Eklug, was published in Lintots Miscellany, as were also several poems, including the first draft of The Rape of the Lock, two cantos dashed off in a fortnight. Windsor Forest, begun eight years earlier, appeared when its author was 25, and already the most fashionable poet of his day.

Before he was 26, Pope was a notable, recognised at the clubs and coffeehouses as one of the reigning wits, and already ardently admired by such a critic as Swift. AI IQ 170, Relative Courage of Data Point 2 Torquato Tazzo, 1544-1595 A celebrated Italian poet.

AIIQ 160 AIIQ 155 1. Family Standing For four centuries, Tasso's paternal ancestors had been people of wealth and influence. Though not wealthy himself, the father, a noted poet, was pre-eminentally a courtier.

The mother was a beauty of singularly sweet and submissive disposition, with intelligence and prudence even greater than her virtue and charm. 2. Development to age 17 1. Interests Although in his youngest years, Torquato enjoyed playing practical jokes, delight in study also developed early, and when he was no more than seven, the child was so mad to get to his books that on dark mornings he was conducted to school before daylight by a servant bearing a lighted torch.

In his early teens he learned, in the household of a duke, the knightly and graceful arts of a young courier. 2. Education Reported to have begun the study of grammar at three, Torqueta was instructed in that year, or a little later, by an old priest learned the rudiments of letters and the humanities. At the age of six, the boy was sent to a school in Naples conducted by the Jesuits, which he attended for three years. At nine, he began a period of study at home under the supervision of his father.

For three years he shared with his cousin the instruction of a priest who was learned, skilled in both Latin and Greek, up to date in his method of education, a gentleman to the backbone, and not a bit of a pedant. At 13 or 14, the boy lived in the household of Duke Guido Baldo, who had taken a great fancy to him as a fellow pupil and companion of the Duke's little son of eight.

The two were instructed in music, letters, mathematics, and the arts of the courier. 3. School Standing and Progress Tasso made such rapid progress at the Jesuit school that at seven he was pretty well acquainted with the Latin and Greek tongues. At twelve he had entirely completed his knowledge in the Latin and Greek tongues, as was well acquainted with the rules of rhetoric and poetry and completely voiced in Aristotle's ethics,

but he particularly studied the precepts of Mauritio Catanio, whom he ever afterwards reverenced as his second father. Four, friends and associates. Living for a short time with relatives in his early teens or before, Tassel attracted the notice of the collateral of the Indonesian Republic, and became intimate with his learned young secretary, Mauritio Catanio.

In Venice at 15 and 16, it was his privilege to listen to the conversations of many of the great literati, who were his father's friends. His special friend was Aldo Manuzio, a boy of 14 who cradled in scholarship, had just produced a learned work on the correct spelling of Latin. See also 2.2.

5. Reading At 15 or 16, Tasso read Dante to some extent. His anointed copy of Dante still exists, but the notes do not extend beyond two-thirds of the inferno, and they exhibit no great insight or sympathy.

6. Production and Achievement According to some sources at 10, according to others at 7, Tasso made public orations and composed some pieces of poetry, to which the style is said to have retained nothing of pure reality. He addressed a touching little poem of farewell to his mother at the age of nine, when he left her to join his father at Rome.

At twelve he wrote of his own accord on behalf of his father, whose means were small, to a lady feigned for her goodness of heart. A sonnet showing considerable facility, written when he was fourteen, praises the town of Urbino and its court. At fifteen and sixteen young Tasso assisted his father in correcting proofs of the Amidighi. One authority believes that Torquato Tasso began his own Rinaldo before he was 17. 7. Evidence of the Bricosity

Torquato was said by historians to have done incredible things at the age of six months, to have spoken and pronounced words clearly, to have thought, reasoned, expressed his wants and answered questions. At the age of nine, on receiving the sacrament, he underwent a profound religious experience which brought him indescribable peace.

At that age, he was so tall and forward that he might have been taken for twelve. See also 2, 3 and 5. AI IQ 160, Relative Kosher Data 0.53. 3. Development from 17 and 26. During the years from 17 and 20, Tassel attended the universities of Padua and Bologna, but he evidently found little relish in the study of law, which he followed only because of his father's wish.

At 17, in the course of a brief love affair, he wrote a series of sonnets. Ronaldo, composed in ten months' time, was successfully brought out when he was 18, and at 20 at the invitation of Gonzaga, a patron of learning, he joined a literary cotiery, which met at the patron's house. During the progress of a second brief love affair, he wrote a second series of beautiful sonnets.

Dasso spent his early 20s in the service of Cardinal Luigi D'Este, Duke of Ferrara. There he was much in the company of the Duke and the Princesses, and without neglecting the more serious pursuits to which a magnificent library gave him access, he was able to enjoy the lighter pleasures of court life as well. A.I.I.Q. 155 Relived Cushed Data 0.53

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