menu_book Chapter 29

Section 29 of Genetic Studies of Genius, Volume 2, The Early Mental Traits of 300 Geniuses by Catherine Cox. For more information or volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org, recorded by Leon Harvey. Chapter 19, Cases Rated AI IQ 150-160, Part 1. George Berkeley, 1685-1753, an English philosopher, AIIQ 150, AIIIQ 175 1. Family Standing

Berkeley's grandfather was collector of the port of Belfast. The father is reported to have been an officer of customs, a cornet, and a captain of horse. The family were not wealthy, but appeared to have been recognised as members of the gentry. Berkeley's mother is said to have been a great aunt of General Wolfe, of Quebec fame. She was probably of Irish descent.

2. Development to age 17 1. Interests Berkeley reports that his interest in philosophical speculation developed at the age of 8. As evidence of his enthusiasm for experimentation, it's related that he determined the sensations of hanging through a trial on himself.

2. Education Berkeley entered the excellent free school of Kilkenny, the Etten of Ireland. At age of 11, I remained in attendance a little more than three years. Just before his 15th birthday, he entered Trinity College, Dublin, where the atmosphere was already charged with a reaction against traditional scholasticism in physics and metaphysics.

3. School Standing and Progress Among the 73 boys who had attended Kilkenny School up to the time of his entrance, and among those who attended afterward up to the close of the century, not one other besides George Berkeley entered the second class as young as he, aged 11. An intimate friend, Prior, entered the third class at 15 and left the second class for the university at 17.

Contarini, who distinguished himself by his intelligence, entered college at 18. But young Berkeley left the first class of the Kilkenny School and entered the University of Dublin at the age of 14 years and 9 months. In the first years of his college course, Berkeley pursued his studies, full of simplicity and enthusiasm. His associates regard him as either the greatest genius or the greatest dunce in college. 4. Friends and Associates

At Kilkenny, Berkeley began his long intimacy with Prior, later a writer of some consequence. Fellow students at Trinity College were, besides Prior, Samuel Madden, latter with Prior, a founder of the Royal Irish Society, Edward Bunge, afterward Bishop, and Contarini, Goldsmith's uncle. 5. Reading, no specific record. 6. Production achievement, no specific record, C23.

7. Evidence of reciprocity. Berkeley wrote, I was distrustful at 8 years old and consequently by nature disposed for these new philosophical doctrines. AI IQ 150, Relative Coastal Data 0.60. 3. Development from 17 to 26. At 17, Berkeley was made a scholar of Trinity College, and two years later he obtained his BA degree there.

Two Latin tracts, both on mathematical subjects, appeared from his pen at about the time of his graduation, but they did not reach publication until three years later. Berkeley, aged 20, joined with seven others in founding a society to promote investigations in the new philosophy of Boyle, Newton and Locke, and during the undergraduate period, he carried on independent study, the first fruits of which, in his notebooks, indicate that he had, at that time,

already laid the foundation for a new philosophical system. At the age of 22, he obtained the MA degree, and after passing an arduous examination with unprecedented applause, was admitted to a fellowship. At 23, he was engaged on a psychological essay and a book of metaphysics.

In the following year, his essay toward a new theory of vision appeared. At the age of 25, Berkeley issued his treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge, in which he expounded his metaphysical dualism. This work contained the leading thought and method of all his later philosophy. AIIQ 175, Related Coaching of Data 0.75 Christian Karl Jonas Bunsen, 1791-1860, a distinguished German scholar and diplomatist.

AIIQ 150, AIIQ 165 1. Family Standing The Bunsons were originally agriculturalists, but Christian's grandfather was an advocate and his father served the Dutch as a professional soldier in the Waldeck regiment. The latter was a man of considerable mental power, characterized by a strong sense of justice and truth.

He was a great reader, accustomed to devote to study, as much time as his scanty leisure permitted. Bunsen's mother had been for 15 years the worthy and valued governess of the young nobles of Waldeck. Her negative personality made very little impression, however, upon her son. 2. Development 817 1. Interests

From his earliest childhood, Bunsen loved sunshine and outdoor life. He was fond of swimming and sometimes played ball. He never succeeded in learning singing or dancing, but he became a skillful, even frequent player of chess and piguet. Although he and his parents really decided that he should become a pastor,

a passionate love of books later caused him to elect languages as his chief study at the university. 2. Education At age of six, having learned reading and writing from his parents, he began to receive private lessons from a student. From seven to seventeen, he attended the gymnasium.

In his fourteenth or fifteenth year, he learned English from a village pastor, who discussed various important topics with his aspiring people. At about the same time, Christian became a member of the pre-confirmation class, receiving so-called religious instruction, which, however, as he himself recognised, had the essential characteristics of his father's vital Christianity. The regard in which the youth was held is shown by the fact

that one of his masters gave him a valuable course of instruction gratis. 3. School studying and progress When at the age of seven Bunsen entered the gymnasium, he was placed once in a class above the usual grade for beginners. Quick to learn, he accomplished his tasks with power and sultanity,

and often assisted the other boys in their labourers. In French, he stood at the head of his class. Throughout his school career, his classmates admired him as a genius. He acknowledged a comprehension no individual could measure with him in any degree, and his laboriousness cast all the rest into shade.

His memory was a matter of astonishment, and on one occasion he memorised Schiller's bell in a day after reciting it before a commissioner who was examining the school. He was respectful to all his teachers, even when he doubted the authority of the weaker head. Bunsen's last three years of the gymnasium were triumphant.

Twice a year he was chosen to deliver the customary school address at the end of the term. In the estimation of his teachers, Bunsen was ready for the university at 15 and a half, but on account of his youth, he was kept in the lower school another year, to which a further half year was added because of the difficulty of securing a stipend during the French occupation. Four friends and associates

Bunsen was popular with his teachers and with his school fellows. Two classmates became his intimate friends. His half-sister, 18 years his senior, was his confidant and advisor. 5. Reading At 13 or 14, Bunsen used all his small savings to purchase books or to subscribe to the circulating library of quarterback,

a collection made up chiefly of novels, but containing also a translation of Shakespeare which was read with affinity. The boy read all the books he could find, whether in his father's small library or from the bookshelves of the neighbours. With the pastor who taught him English, he read Glover's Leonidas. At 14, Bunsen was described as never otherwise unoccupied, full of zeal and earnestness over his books. 6. Production Achievement

A schoolmate writes, The execution of an essay of 41 pages, said as a task, in one week was unheard of except in his case, and the 60 pages of fair transcript accomplished in one Sunday for the procrastinating advocate to help his overtasked father might well astonish those aware of the fact. An essay on hope, written by young Bunsen at the age of 16, was sufficiently well thought of to be sent to the Göttingen faculty by Christens Patronis, the Countess of Bergheim, as a recommendation of her prodigy. 7. Evidences of Blicosity At 6.5, the little lad read the morning prayer at the family devotions out of the collection of Shemok.

See also 2, 3, 5 and 6. AI IQ 150 Relief Coaching of Data 0.75 3. Development from 17 and 26 At the age of 17, Bunsen spent a happy year studying theology at the University of Marburg, but at the end of that time, believing that his health unfitted him for the calling of a pastor,

he decided to relinquish his stipend and enter upon another course. The next four years, aged 18 to 22, he spent at Gottigen, studying philosophy, classics, and ancient law, while maintaining himself by teaching at the gymnasium, and later by tutoring. Beginning his travels in his 23rd year, he visited Italy, Holland, Denmark, and Sweden,

as well as various centres of learning in Germany. At the same time, he developed his knowledge of Persian and the Oriental languages, and later of the Scandinavian. He planned a scheme of research into the religion, laws, language and literature of the Teutonic races. At 24 he made a very favourable impression on the historian Neumur, whom he met in Berlin.

Borea was 26, Bunsen went to Rome and there devoted himself while carrying all necessary teaching to the study of philology and historical research. AII IQ 165, Relief Kosher Data 0.82 George Gordon, Lord Byron, 1788-1824 A Celebrated English Poet AIIQ 150, AIIIQ 170

1. Family Standing A. Byron accompanied William the Conqueror from France, and thereafter he and many of his descendants held a notable and distinguished place in the history of England. Byron's grandfather was a celebrated Admiral John Byron. His son, the poet's father, was the profligate Mad Jack Byron, who after an excellent early education, gave himself up to a disciplined life.

The mother came of illustrious Scottish stock, being descended from James I. She was as proud as Lucifer of her descent from the stewards. A slave to the most violent tempers, she was not a bad woman, but she was not a good mother. If Byron owed anything to his parents, it was a plea for pardon. 2. Development to age 17

1. Interests Perhaps because of the consciousness of his physical defect, young Byron was much more anxious to distinguish himself by prowess in athletics than in learning. At Harrow, his social gifts appeared. From being a shy and most unpopular boy before his public school days,

he rose the age of 13 to be a leader in all sports, schemes and mischief at the school. Because of his fluency, turbulence, voice, copiousness of declamation and action, His headmaster even then prophesied that he would become an orator. Byron was said to be always more ready to give a blow than to take one, and he was proud of the fact that at school he lost but one battle out of seven,

and that one Evan Lee not fairly fought. He says his pursuits at school were cricketing, rebelling, rowing and mischief. Love for the beautiful nature was an early passion, and although fond of the world of life, Byron was always given to silent and solitary reflection, and would often withdraw to a tomb in the churchyard.

for quiet thought. He only experienced Amora's passions. His first affair, in his eighth year, was a violent attachment. His second at 12 afforded inspiration for his first poetry, and his third at 15 were serious enough to cause him grievous disappointment when it ended. 2. Education. Before he was five, Byron was taught by his nurse to repeat a number of psalms. At his first school, he learned to repeat by rote with such fluency that it was only after

some time discovered that he could not read a single word. He attended school in Scotland until he was 10 years old. Then he was placed under the care of a tutor and a quack doctor at Nottingham for a year. For 11 to 13 he attended a school at Dulwich, and from 13 to 17 attended a school at Harrow. 3. School Standing and Progress Under a clever teacher, Byron made rapid progress, and when he was 10 his proficiency in Latin was set by his tutor to be considerable for his age.

According to the master of the school, Byron was a successful and eager student during the two years in Dulwich. He entered Harrow, recommended as a boy of some cleverness, but one whose education had been neglected. His intellectual capacity could be hidden neither from the masters nor from the pupils, but although he was remarkable for the extent of his general information, in other respects he was idle, being capable of great exertions, but a few continuous treasuries.

He was a radical and martial rather than poetical, and his first declamation startled the headmaster into some unwanted and sudden compliments. By the time he had reached his sixteenth year, Byron's inquisitive and excursive mind had made remarkable progress in accumulating that gentle and miscellaneous knowledge which left plotting competitors far behind. 4. Friends and Associates Among her fellow students were such celebrities as the Duke of Dorset, Lord Clare, Lord Delaware, John Wingfield, Cecil Tattlesall, Edward Noah Long Wildman, Artwood Propriteer of Newstead, and Sir Robert Peel. Byron himself was playful and good-humoured, beloved of his companions and his schoolmates.

My school friendships, he says, were with me passions, for I was always violent. On one occasion Byron is said to have taken half the blows in tent of appeal, and another to have defended a lame boy from a bully. He fought battles for George Sinclair, the prodigy of the school, and in turn Sinclair wrote his exercises. Byron would follow none, but an opportunity for leadership would always win his co-corporation in any cause. 5. Reading

From the moment he could read, his great passion was history. He was particularly delighted with the account in Roman history of the battle near Lake Regulus. He had read the Old Testament before he was 80 years old, and had soon gained an intimate acquaintance with the historical parts of the Bible about which he liked to talk with his schoolmaster.

Byron's schoolmaster at Dalwich, finding the boy, aged 11 to 13, beyond the standard for his age in both history and poetry, allowed him access to his study. He that he found in many books to please his tastes and gratify his curiosity, among others, a set of our poets from Chaucer to Churchill,

which his master believed he read in entirety more than once. According to his own statement, Byron had a harrow, read eating, read in bed, read when no one else, read and had read all sorts of readings since he was five years old. When he was 18, so wide was his familiarity with books and so great his store of information, that his associates believed his knowledge could have been acquired only from digests and reviews,

whereas, as a matter of fact, up to that age, he had read sources only. Sook's production and achievement. At the age of ten, Byron composed some clever doggerel verse, perhaps his first production. A translation from Escherlis written at Harrow was received coolly enough by poems from his 15th year, including the epitaph and the first three pieces printed in Hours of Wilderness,

are remarkable productions of our youth of his age. Delivering one occasion in a declamation at Harrow, Byron surprised his schoolmaster by deviating with boldness and rapidity from the text of his composition without losing the thread of his discourse. The occurrence was more striking, as his extramponious expression was more effective and colourful than his original written discourse. 7. Evidences of Precursity

At a very early age, he was perhaps no more than five, Byron was taken by his nurse to see the taming of the shoe. In the midst of the acting, the hot-headed little lad cried out passionately, supporting Katharina in an argument with Petruchio. As a child, he was particularly inquisitive about religion. Mrs Byron was sure that her son was to be a great man, and this idea she transferred to him. His pride of ancestry and position were perhaps also derived from her.

The response at the age of nine to a remark about a future career in Parliament is characteristic. If he read any speeches of mine, it will be in the House of Lords. At the age of ten, Byron was under the care of a doctor, a charlatan, whose linguistic pretensions he very soon fathomed. Having prepared some nonsense which he gravely offered to his master, he was delighted to have the man walk into his trap and say,

as a boy had hoped and an answer to his suggestion, that it was Italian. See also 2, 3 and 6. AI IQ 150 relived kosher data 0.75. 3. Development on 17 and 26.

From the age of 17 to 20, Byron attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where he became notorious for his eccentric behaviour. He indulged freely in drink and talked much with a group of friends. In 19, he published his Hours of Idonness, a group of poems, and then stung by adverse criticism in the Edmund Review.

He published his bitter retort, English, Bards and Scotch Reviewers. On attending his majority, Byron took his seat in the House of Lords, but very shortly he left England for a continental tour which provided the background for Childe Harold, published on his return, aged 24. So great was the impression produced by his poem that he awoke one morning and found himself famous.

He resumed his parliamentary connection a little later, but continued his literary activity also. And the next year, age 25, published The Gay Orr and the Bride of Labodos. AIIQ 170, Relived Cultural Data, Pointed 2 George Canning, 1770-1827 A Distinguished English Statesman, Orator and Wit

AIIQ 150, AIIQ 155 One Family Standing Canning was descended on the paternal side from early English settlers in Ulster. His father had been, in his youth, attached to civil and religious liberty and to a young lady of whom his parents disapproved. Of these two ardent attachments he was disinherited.

Something of a poet and a political controversialist, the elder canning, by professional lawyer, was, by nature, sociable, generous and careless. He fell deeply to debt, attempted to extricate himself by setting up as a wine merchant and then died a year after his son's birth. The mother, who could trace her ancestry to early Irish kings and many latter peers, was a woman of strong character and mental energy. After her husband's death, she found a means of supporting herself by going on the stage.

2. Development to age 17 1. Interests Canning recollected learning the rudiments of English at the age of six. He also remembered spinning cockchaffers on corking pins and longing for bread and butter. As a public school boy, he was devoted to study and took little or no part in games.

Wilberforce, a fellow student, noted in his diary that Canning was quite a man, fond of acting, decent and moral. 2. Education When George was scarcely more than an infant, his mother married an actor of no great pretensions, the member of a strong troop, and so, from the age of four to eight, the child led a

hand-to-mouth bohemian existence, following the strolling players. At the age of eight, he was reported by one of the actors to be on the road to the gallows, as a result of his stepfather's influence, and so shortly afterward, his grandfather have been induced to grant a small annuity for his support, the lad was sent by his uncle to a private school. At 13 he went on to Etun, where he remained 40 years. On reaching the age of 16,

he received an inheritance sufficient to provide for his every need. 3. School's Durning and Progress At his first school, Canning was an admirer and would-be imitator of the heroes of the head class in all their tricks and pranks, but he also won fame for his graceful verses, and at 13 stood third in his class for scholarship.

At Etton, Canning's classical and literary attainments ranked him among the foremost of the boys. Within the limited range of subjects offered, he studied hard and carried off many prizes. The other boys often solicited and deferred to his opinion,

and he was called by Sir Spencer Walpole perhaps the most distinguished boy ever known at Etton. Four, friends and associates. At Etton, he had many friends who were later high in diplomatic circles. and in holidays he met, at his uncle's house, men like Sheridan and Fox, the weak statesman.

5. Reading, no specific record. 6. Production and Achievement His tenth year Canning composed a poem on Greece, at which his uncle and I marveled. It was published with limited alterations a few years later. He wrote other poems from time to time, and when he was 16 or 17,

contributed by far the largest share of the articles included in a journal called Microcosm. edited by a small group of Etonians. Poems, parodies, classical commentary and criticism, and some clever essays were among his contributions, and in these the subtle humour and boisterous fun

are already discernible. The youthful journalists criticise, in marked, Etonian style, Etonian modes of life, and then extended their comment to the habits of the world at large. 7. Evidences of Prococity

At the age of four or five, Canning surprised his abilities by his manner of justifying himself, when reproved for some trivial fault. The precocity of the boy's talents was noticed in his ninth year by the actor Moody, who then induced the boy's uncle Stafford Canning, the merchant, to take sole-cut charge of his hopeful nephew. AI IQ 150 Relative Culture Data 0.82 3. Development from 17 to 26 Canning spent three years in Oxford, having decided on the law as his future profession,

because he believed it, the only path to the only desirable thing in this world, the gratification of ambition. While at the university he was studious, he formed many lasting friendships, and instituted debating society. He was also awarded the Chancellor's Medal for Latin verse of high merit. After graduation, Canning studied law at Lincoln's Inn. A year later, the French Revolution had caused him, aged 22, to become a Tory in politics,

although he retained Fox and Sheridan among his personal friends. In 1793, at the age of 23, Canning entered Parliament. His previous reputation as a debating club orator had come to the notice of Pitt, and the older debater was instrumental in securing the young politician's selection. The new member's maiden speech, a year later, disappointed most of his friends,

but he had shown his power to hold the attention of the house. At 25, in seconding the king's address, he made a speech which, in Pitt's estimation, gave evidence of even greater ability than fame, and Hithrow recognised. AIIQ 155, Relive Comfortedetto, Pointe 2 Lezère-Nigoulouse-Margrette-Carnot, 1753-1823

A celebrated French statesman, strategist and scientist. AIIQ 150, AIIQ 150 1. Family standing Carnot was descended from one of the oldest and most distinguished families in France. His father, a provincial lawyer and uteri, was a man of strong understanding, wide reading, and of greater local repute.

His mother was religious in temperament and devoted to her husband and family. 2. Development to age 17 1. Interests Carnot's interests were from the first directed almost entirely to his studies. At the age of ten, his preoccupation with military science was shown by his behaviour during the progress of a play to which his mother had taken him.

The enthusiastic boy went so far as to interrupt the action of the piece, criticising the disposition which the stage officer has made of his artillery. Aagerness to learn made Carnot anxious to travel, and while still a child, he begged to be allowed to accompany an uncle on a long trip, a request which was, however, refused. 2. Education

Carnot's early education was supervised by his father. Later he was sent to the College of Waton, where, with his brother, he pursued a classical course of instruction. Thereafter the Carnot boys attended a small seminary in the same town, where they followed a course in philosophy. On leaving the seminary, Lazare, aged 16, went to Paris to study mathematics. 3. School Standing on Progress

At the seminary of Aton, Carrot showed that he was endowed with a keen and original type of intelligence, always ready to discover new methods and daunted by no obstacle. His character was even then marked by unusual strength, and he had great faith in his own ability. Four friends and associates None are mentioned beside his father and his brother.

Five reading It is noted that at sixteen he read with eagerness the works of contemporary philosophers, but see also two, one, two, and seven. 6. Production and Achievement At the conclusion of his course at the Seminary of Aton, young Carnot made the customary public presentation in defence of his thesis.

But contrary to custom, he refused professional aid in the debate. His presentation was nonetheless brilliantly successful. 7. Evidences of Precocity As a child, Carnot was especially studious and reflective, and it is recorded that he used to be seen for hours at a time, reading or walking meditatively on the terraces before his home. See also 2, 1, 3 and 6.

After going to Paris at 16, he attracted the attention of d'Alembert, who found in him one whose intellect overcame all difficulties and who seemed actually to enjoy meeting them. D'Alembert chose Carnot as an assistant in several of his experiments, and evinced great satisfaction at the promptness with which the young mathematician responded to his questions. He predicted for him a brilliant career.

AI IQ 150, will of quotient data 0.60 3. Development from 17 to 26 At the age of 18, Connacht sat for the entrance examinations of the engineering school de Mezières and won the third place on the list. He attracted the attention of Mange and then began a friendship between the two scientists that lasted throughout life.

Under his famous professor, Connacht went rapidly through all the branches of natural science. Higher mathematics and mechanics especially attracted him. On leaving the engineering school at the age of 20, Carnot was given the rank of first lieutenant, and for the next 10 years lived and worked at various garrisons. Practically nothing is known of this period of his life, and all Carnot himself would say was, I live from day to day like so many young men who follow a military career.

AIIIQ 150, Relief Coaching of Data 0.53 Camelo Benzo, Count di Cavour, 1810-1861, a celebrated Italian statesman. AIIQ 150, AIIQ 150, 1 Family Sterning. The Benzos were an aristocratic family of long distinction, who in every generation contributed many efficient leaders to the public service. The father was endowed with an acute and active mind, and possessed practical knowledge of the world and of business.

His ambition was said to be curbed only by respect for authority. The mother belonged to an ancient and excellent family of Huguenot refugees. She was a woman of attractive gifts and charming personality. 2. Developmental 17 1. Interests

Camillo was fond of country life and pleasures. In a school play he took part on one occasion as the little spirit or genius of Italy. Always active, young Camillo was from his earliest childhood engaged in defending the cause of justice. He began to talk about constitutional Italy at 14, and at 15 was too outspokenly Republican to be an acceptable prince's page. 2. Education

At four, Cavarro was taught by his mother to read. But although he soon learned to read and write with ease, the passion for study did not appear until later. In the following years, both his mother and his grandmother gave him lessons. And before he was ten, he received excellent instruction from a tutor also. Lessons in German and botany were given by a special teacher.

From the age of 10 to 16, Kamala attended the Military Academy of Turin, a school patronised by the upper class, where the instruction was good in mathematics, but deficient in the humanities. Just before his 16th birthday, he passed his final examination and received his commission as sub-lieutenant of engineers.

3. School Standing in Progress At school, Kavala, aged 10 to 16, easily led his class whenever he cared to apply himself. He is said to receive certain punishments at school, though it's reported having been for arrogance to a teacher

and for having books without permission. The eminent professor Planner, after explaining a very difficult lesson with Camillo, alone of all the pupils, was able to follow with ease, advised his gifted pupil to become a celebrated mathematician like Legrange.

Guevara replied that his generation had needed to study political science rather than mathematics, and added that he hoped to see Italy one day with a constitution and himself perhaps a minister. Cavill never seemed to study, but when the examination came round, he grasped what he was required to learn without an effort, and surpassed his competitors with ease.

He led his class at the finish, at honour which entitled him to choose the branch of the service he preferred to enter. His unusual proficiency in mathematics led him to select the engineering corps. He had so far excited the admiration of his examiners that his request was granted, although according to the regulation, a candidate could not enter that division of the army before the age of 20. Kavauer was only 16 at the time.

4. Friends and Associates No specific record. Teachers and schoolmates are mentioned, and with these he appears to have been a favourite. 5. Reading While attending school, Carvara, aged 12 to 16, always looked forward to the visits of his brother, for on these occasions he heard the newspapers read aloud, to which he otherwise had no access.

In addition to school requirements, Carvara read works of history and political economy. He read English and French as well as Italian. He read Lingard's history, and the harp pleased him greatly. He was always reading, not works of fiction, but rather papers, political treatises and histories. 6. Production Achievement

A note addressed to the lady of his affections was written by Cavour at the age of six. Letters from the school period reflect a solid, straightforward, manly fellow who despised vanity and was enthusiastic for the heroes who fought for Greek independence. At 15, Cavour was appointed page to the Prince of Kaderignano. Although his post was one of distinction and carried a small salary, the young Republican

risked and almost lost it through his too outspoken liberalism. At 16, C2-3, he was assigned to a less conspicuous duty in the Department of the Engineering Corps at Turin. 7. Evidences of Precocity At 3, Camillo was a romping little fellow, always ready for fun. He was told that, at the age of 6, he arranged an interview with the town mayor to complain of certain incivilities his party had experienced in travel.

Apparently he succeeded on this occasion in bringing about the dismissal of an offending officer. See also 2, 3 and 6. AIIQ 150 Relative Coaching Data 0.75 3. Development on 17 to 26 Cavour entered the Corps of Engineers at 16 and was sent two years later to the French frontier to supervise the construction of fortifications.

He enjoyed the work but found the life narrow and dull. During his stay, he listened to the monastery by reading English books on liberty and government. At 19.5, he was ordered to Genoa. Here he fell in love, and spurned on by the lady of his devotions, he plunged more deeply into liberal thought and discussion, thereby gradually incurring public suspicion. One year later he was recalled to Turin. He had become a more confirmed liberal than ever, longing to see Italy free from foreign domination.

He spent eight months in virtual imprisonment in a fort, a little later, but he said, I am happy in my solitude, and it was not long until he was granted his discharge from the army. His family regarded Kavua's career thus far as a disgrace to them, and it was with pleasure on both sides that at 21, after his retirement, he took charge of the family farm. Although the estate was in poor condition, Kavua succeeded through care and study in making a success of his undertaking,

and he continued his agricultural pursuits, interrupted only by occasional visits to France and England, until he was 37. During all this time, he found abundant leisure for study, especially along the lines of government. AIIQ 150 Reliculture Data Pointe 2 François-Sounais de Chateaubraind, 1768-1848 A celebrated French author and statesman.

AIIQ 150, AIIQ 150 1. Family Standing Chateaubraind was the son of a noble house in Brittany, one of the most illustrious in France, although at the time of his birth the family fortunes were somewhat depleted. His father was stern, dry, unsociable, and dominated by one passion, his pride of race.

The mother was a little, plain, restless woman who loved politics, confusion, and society. She petted one son and was indifferent to her other children, including Francois René. 2. Development to age 17 1. Interests She had to brand through neglect, a dirty, ragged boy, really loved cleanliness and finery.

Tonight, pocket muddy, he kept away from the crowds on festival days, and spent his time on the beach watching the birds, gathering shells and listening to the sound of the waves. At school, he was fond of languages and mathematics. He loved literature, beginning with a fondness for poetry and that of passing on to prose.

His versatility of mind was also apparent in lesser things. He was clever at checkers, billiards, drawing, singing, hunting, and the management of arms. Although he was apt to tire of anything quickly, his patience and obstinacy made him stick to something worth doing until it was finished. Between 15 and 18, in a state of mystic rapture and practical indecision,

he first began to write poetry. 2. Education Chateaubraind and his youngest sister, neglected by their mother, were cared for by the servants. When the boy was between three and seven,

the two children were sent daily to two old maids who taught them to read. At this time, both brother and sister read badly enough. and in consequence the teacher scolded and the boy scratched. Friendside's René began to pass for a scapegrace, a rebel adorned finally a dunce.

At home his father nagged and his mother groaned but extolled her eldest. A visit at the home of his kindly intellectual grandmother was the only happy memory of Chateaubriand's childhood. Because the boy was destined for the marines, scholastic training was not emphasised

and for the most part he was allowed at 7 to 10 to run idle. His mother, circlingly hoping that his son might enter the church, persuaded her husband to send him attend to the College of Dole, where he could learn mathematics, drawing, military tactics and the English language, as well as the classics. At 13, after receiving with great ecstasy his first communion, he was sent to Rennes for two years of further preparation in mathematics, and there he continued the study of languages also.

At 15, Chateaubriand went to Brest to take the naval examination, but his credentials were delayed, and during the enforced period of waiting, having exhausted his interest in fencing, drawing and mathematics. He decided that he had no desire to be a marine and so returned home. As a means of gaining time for a decision, he next declared his intention of entering the church and was sent to Dinan to complete the humanities.

Thereafter he spent two years at home trying to decide on his future career. 3. School standing and progress Between 10 and 13 at the College of Dole, Chateaubriand's abilities began to be manifest. His capacity for work was remarkable, and his memory was extraordinary.

It cost him nothing to learn the rudiments of any subject. In mathematics, he displayed a charity of perception that astonished his teacher, and he showed a decided taste for languages. In spite of his success in mathematics, he looked forward, with a sort of impatience,

to the lead in class as a happy relaxation from the figures and numbers of geometry. Amanezi's talent in mathematics developed to a high point. At Dinan he knew more Latin than the masters, and there he began the study of Hebrew. 4. Friends and Associates Neglected by his parents, Shethabriand ran in the streets during the early years with the town-wrecked muffins, his dear little playmates, looking and acting like one of them.

A friendship for a certain spoiled child, Gesred, who was always getting into some scrape, resulted in an evil reputation, continual trouble, and once, almost in serious injury from neighbours, enraged at a foolish prank. At the age of nine, Francois René was withdrawn by his parents from his influence, and the following year was sent to school. Here he was an independent spirit, neither a leader nor a follower. In vacations he enjoined the military society at home. At Reynes, aged 13-15, he met Gesrel again.

Among other friends of this period were Moro, later General, and Lemoulian, who invented a famous infernal machine. 5. Reading Shazabrand, at 13, read Horus and a collection of confessions, male fates, which opened a new world to him. A little later he was charmed with Aeneid and Telemarch, and he translated a voluptuous passage from Lucritius with such feeling that the teacher snatched the book from him. Tibulus and Masulin were never out of his possession, and although oppressed the whole by a guilty conscience,

he stole candle ends from the chapel so that at night he could read these seductive subscriptions of the disorders of the soul. C2-3 6. Production and Achievement Chateaubriand displayed a remarkable memory by his ability to repeat, almost word for word, the several pages of a sermon he had heard, but to which he had not paid close attention, and also by the extraordinary feat of learning by heart his table of logarithms. Between 10 and 13 he required the name of Elequeque, because in making Latin translations he fell so naturally into Pantimeto.

He began seriously to write poetry between 15 and 18. 7. Evidences of Procursity C2, 3 and 6. AI IQ 150 Relative Coastal Data Point 75. 3. Development from 17 to 26. From 16 to 18 Chateaubriand remained at home, unable to decide on a career.

His indecision was finally ended by the gift of an army commission, which he held thereafter for four years. Chateaubriand's life in the army was not without its pleasures. The young officer was popular with his regiment. He was presented at court, and he met many literary men. At 14, after witnessing the destruction of the Bastille, and filled with loathing by the repeated massacres, he contemplated emigration.

The following year, his regiment went over to the revolutionists, whereupon he retired from the army. Chateaubriand's interests and tastes were literary and artistic. In politics he was neutral, and this he says pleased no one. It seemed advisable to withdraw for a time from the centre of activities, and so he went forth for America, bearing letters of introduction to President Washington.

His first intention was to discover the Northwest Passage, but gradually relinquishing this idea, he returned home for Brittany at 23. France was still in a turbulent state, and so for his safety, Although he had little desire for the arrangement, Chateaubriand was married to a young heiress. Shortly after, he joined the French emigrants in Brussels, became incorporated in the army, was wounded, sick, finally he reached England, where he remained several years, aged 24 to 32.

During this time, he did much of his best writing. AIIIQ 150, Relief Coast, data 0.75. Auguste Comte, 1798 to 1857. A celebrated French philosopher, founder of positivism. AIIQ 150, AIIQ 170.

1. Family standing. Comte's father was a distitute tax receiver. No other record is preserved of the ancestry or family. 2. Development to age 17. 1. Interests.

None other than scholastic are reported. 2. Education. August's devout Catholic mother directed his early studies, and when he was sent to the local college, in 15 he passed the examination for entrance to the Paris Polytechnic School.

3. School Standing and Progress On entering the college, Auguste was at once distinguished for his intelligence and industry. He was tractable with the professors, who were fond and proud of their clever pupil, and he did such brilliant work that he was given first place in the application for membership to the Polytechnic School in Paris.

At the Polytechnic, Kant was distinguished as a student of intellectual power. His ability was recognised not only by the professors, but by the students as well. At the end of the first year, he was ranked 9th in his class, the ranking depending partially on deportment, in which he stood low, with all except the head professors. 4. Friends and Associates. No specific record.

5. Reading. By the time he was 16 or 18, Comte had read through the numerous important philosophical works of France, England and Germany. 6. Production Achievement. After passing the entrance examination for the Paris school at 15, one year in advance of the age at which entrance was allowed, Comte was appointed by the faculty of his own school to occupy the interval of waiting for his 16th birthday by giving mathematics courses in their institution. 7. Evidences of Precursity

He was a nervous child, impatient, very intelligent, very eager for instruction, with an extraordinary, precocious mind. See also 2.3 AI IQ 150, Relive Kosher Data 0.60 3. Development from 17 to 26 From 16 to 18, Comte studied at the Polytechnic School in Paris.

A great worker, he was devoted to reading and delighted especially in philosophical writings. When he was 18, a mutinous demonstration on the part of the pupils against one of the masters, in which he too was included, broke up the school. Much to the parents' dissatisfaction, he had resolved to remain in Paris and earn his living there by giving lessons in mathematics.

While seeking a position, he received an invitation to become a teacher of analytics in a proposed school in America. The plan never materialised, but in the meantime, Comte had been appointed tutor at a good salary in the house of a wealthy banker. The duties here were too miscellaneous, and the youth, aged 19,

restless under restraint, gave up the post after three weeks' trial. A year later, chancing to come in contact with St. Simon, Comte fell under the spell of the great theorist, and for six years he was proud to sign himself Pupil of St. Simon. At the age of 24, Comte was so completely in harmony with his master's views

that he was able to prepare the philosophical introduction to the contract social. This is not his first attempt at essay writing, for he had already published two essays. The first one he was 21, the second one of his best at 22. The preface to the contract social shows that Comte had already developed and definite philosophical scheme, and they had outlined plans for his later life work.

In bringing out the essay at a later date, St. Simon accompanied it with a patronising notice, and when a compte, aged 26, objected to publication at this time, a breach occurred, personal dislike matured into a quarrel, and the two philosophers separated. A.I.I.I.I.I.Q. 170, Relief Curse of Data, 0.75. Jean-Laurent d'Alembert, 1717-1783

A celibated French mathematician, philosopher and author AIIQ 150, AIIQ 165 One family stunning Although d'Alembert was an illegitimate child, both his parents were members of the aristocracy. His father, the Chevalier des Douches, was commissioner of French artillery and led a controller general of German artillery.

His mother was Madame de Tenkin, a famous woman of the salons, and author of novels which achieved praise and popularity in their time. An uncle was a popular dramatist of the day and a member of the academy. 2. Development to age 17 1. Interests

None are recorded aside from his studies. 2. Education At an early date, de Allembert's father assumed responsibility for the boy's education. He directed d'Elembert's course of training as long as he could, and at his death left him an annual income of 1,200 livres and a recommendation to the future care of the family. At the age of four, d'Elembert was placed in a boarding school in the suburb of Saint-Dentoyne, where his master, Berri, was delighted with his intelligence.

The boy made such progress in his studies that when he was 10, his master said that he could teach him no more and recommended that he be sent to college. Because of the boy's health, the recommendation was not then carried out, and Allenbert remained at school for two years more. At the age of 12, he entered Therm-Mazarin College, conducted by the Jansenists, where he remained for five years and received, at the end of that time, the degree of Master of Arts. 3. School studying and progress At the Jansenist College, Allenbert made such a brilliant success in his studies that the memory of it survived a long time in the school.

His interest in literature was so animated, particularly in Latin poetry, to which he devoted all his spare time, that one of his gentleness masters remonstrated, warning him that poetry would destroy the heart. The admonition, however, passed unheeded. De Allenbert's last two years at college were devoted to study or philosophy. He stated afterward that, owing to the fanaticism of his masters,

he received no benefit from his labours except in mathematics, which he had studied incidentally. See also 2.1. 4. Friends and Associates While still an infant, D'Alembert was confided by his father to the care of Madame Rassel, the wife of Egrésio, and to this excellent woman he remained devoted all his life, supporting her in old age.

Up to the time of his death, Destouches came often to see his son, and was delighted on these occasions with the lad's intelligence and spirit. Aside from these two persons and his various teachers, no other early friends or associates are noted. 5. Reading. See 2.3. 6. Production and Achievement.

At the end of his first year of philosophy, D'Alembert, age 16, wrote a commentary on Paul's Epistle to the Romans. 7. Evidence as a bricocity. No further records. See 2, 2 and 4. AI IQ 150. Relative cultural data point by 3. 3. Development from 17 to 26. After receiving his MA degree, D'Alembert spent two years ostensibly in the study of law, but all his spare time was devoted to mathematics.

Without books, friend or master, he progressed as best he might by reading at the public library. D'Alembert became disgusted with the Jansenists, who still tried to convert him, and finally gave them up altogether. Adding on the advice of friends, he, aged 21, took up the study of medicine and to avoid a temptation he could not otherwise resist, he removed all his mathematical books to the house of a friend. His precautions were in vain. At the end of the year, he had abandoned medicine and returned to his beloved mathematics.

During the year, he read to the Academy of Sciences a Memoire sur les Calcules Integraux, and some months later, Memoire sur les Refractions des Corpses Solides. His ability was recognised, and he was admitted to membership in the academy at the age of 23. At 25, he published his Threat de Dynamique, in which he has developed the principle that has since been called by his name. A.I.I.I.Q. 165, Will of Coastal Dead at .60. Humphrey Davy, 1778-1829, a celebrated English chemist.

A.I.I.I.Q. 150, A.I.I.I.I.Q. 175. 1. Family Standing The Davies were Norfolk yewmen in fairly comfortable circumstances, who, for many generations, had received a letter of education. Humphrey's grandfather was a builder, a man of local repute. A father, a woodcarver, possessed some talent, but through shiftless habits and unsuccessful experiments in farming and the like,

he dissipated the property he had inherited, and when he died, at 48, left his family in very straited circumstances. The mother's forebears were originally wealthy and aristocratic. The mother herself was practical and energetic. After her husband's death, she opened a milliner's shop, reared and educated her children, and paid off her husband's debts. 2. Developmentoids 17

1. Interests Young Humphrey led an active life. From early childhood, he was fond of nature and of outdoor sports, especially fishing and hunting. A taste for natural history appeared early. Humphrey had a little garden of his own, and he liked to collect birds and fishes, and to copy them with pen or brush.

In drawing and painting, he showed some originality. A series of notebooks, begun when the boy was 16, showed the ardor of his intellectual interests. During his 17th year, he limited himself chiefly to the metaphysical branches. Although the complete plan of study he had outlined included theology, ethics, logic, geography, botany, pharmacy, anatomy, surgery, chemistry, four modern foreign languages, and three ancient ones,

physics, mechanics, rhetoric, and oratory, history, and mathematics. 2. Education. C27. In his sixth year, Davy attended an elementary school where reading and writing were taught. A year later, he entered the grammar school under a master who was, by turns, indulgent and severe, leaving his pupils for the most part to their own resources in planning their studies.

In his fifteenth year and at his last school, Davy acquired a considerable knowledge of Latin and Greek. The next year he spent in desultory study and sport in an occasional dissipation. He studied French with a refugee to such good purpose that he learned to read it with facility and to speak it fluently. At 16, he was apprenticed for three years to M. Boulez, a penzance surgeon and apothecary of recognised ability. 3. School Steining and Progress

Davey made such rapid progress in the elementary grades that his teacher advised transferring him to the grammar school. At Truro School, Davey, aged 14, was regular in the performance of his duties and in his conduct. He was thought a clever boy, but not a prodigy. His translations from the classics into English verse, his best school exercises, were well thought of by his master. Davy was more distinguished out of school and in the eyes of his comrades than for any great advance in learning.

Within school, the stimulus to exertion was wanting for he could take and maintain and lead in his class without special effort. Perhaps too, he was disgusted with the form in which classical knowledge was offered. Doing his apprenticeship to M. Bourlès, Davy applied himself with earnest zeal to his professional studies and duties. Davy's good humour won the favour of his schoolfellows. although he appears to have become intimate with none of them.

His mother's foster father had as great an influence upon his career as anyone, for he virtually adopted the fatherless boy and made possible the continuation of his education. 5. Reading Aesop's fables and Pilgrim's Progress were Humphrey's earliest favourites, as later he began to read history, particularly English history.

During his apprenticeship to the surgeon, he read widely in medical works. 6. Production and Achievement Because of his facility in composing Latin and English verse, Davy's assistance was often requested by the other boys, and in the emergencies of boyish loves he was resorted to for valentines and the like. A ready storyteller, he was always popular for his tales of wonder and terror,

whose sources obscured somewhat by plentiful embellishments were the Arabian Nights and the tales of Grandmother Davy. In written expression, he was equally ready, as attested by exercises preserved from his 17th year. A composition written when he was 14 also shows considerable ability in handling a trite subject. The Sons of Genius, 32 stanzas, published in 1799, was conceived and perhaps written in Park where the young poet was 16. 7. Evidences of Procursity

Davy was a strong, healthy, active child, and every respect forward. At just nine months of age, he walked off, and before he was two years old, he could speak fluently. Before he had learned his letters, he could recite little prayers and stories which had been repeated to him. Before he had regularly learned to write, he amused himself by copying the figures in Aesop's fables, contriving to reproduce in great letters the names of his subjects, as well as the artist's outline.

And it is reported that he could recite a great part of Pilgrim's Progress even before he could well read it. When scarcely five years old, he began to make rhymes, and these he was called upon to recite in the Christmas Gambles. A wit and a wag, he was remembered for his unusual originality of mind. AI IQ 150, Relative Coaching Update at 0.75 3. Development from 17 to 26

During his three-year apprenticeship with Boyle's, the physician, Davy learned the technique of surgery and carried on extensive studies in related fields. At 18 or 19, he began the study of chemistry, and soon he was examining critically the views of Lavoisier, and was devising and carrying out experiments to test these and his own ideas on the same subjects. From 19 to 22, the useful scientist was employed at Clifton, where opportunities occurred for more advanced research. Antoine published two scientific papers. Later he regretted that publication because of their premature views on the subject.

At 22, his discovery of nitrous oxide and its effect on man resulted in his appointment to a lectureship at the Royal Institution in London. For that time until he was 25, he was busily engaged in investigations on tanning, electrochemistry and agricultural chemistry. His achievements were recognised and at 23 he was promoted to a professorship. AIIIQ 175, Relative Cost of Data 0.82 1. Family Standing

Descartes came of an old and respected family. His father, a country gentleman in easy circumstances, became a councillor of the Parliament of Brittany. 2. Developmental 17 1. Interests Descartes' youthful pursuits included fencing and dancing as well as study, but his love for learning was always paramount.

It appeared in earlier childhood and persisted at school, although he came to prefer meditation to much reading. Rene was determined, even before his 16th year, to search only for truth, and mathematics began at about this time. He believed he had found the goal he was seeking. 2. Education A course of early home training, purposely simplified in order to spare the little lad's frail body,

was followed by eight years' residence, aged 8 to 16, in an excellent Jesuit college, where the regular course of study included classics, mathematics and philosophy. Here, René entered in a student body of about 1,200, as one of 24 specially privileged gentlemen commoners. He devoted to meditation in the morning hours, when on account of his physical weakness, he was permitted to lie in bed. 3. School Steining and Progress

Descotest's ambition was to surpass all his school fellows, especially those who had previously excelled. And in this he was largely successful, for he was excellent in department and in the class studies. Because of his ability and the excellence of his achievement, he was released from regular class attendance and from the assigned exercises. He was considered at least the equal of the best students in the school, those who were later to take the places of their instructors. At 16, this happiest part of his life can do an end, and overwhelmed by the blessings and praises of his teachers.

Descartes returned home. Far from being puffed up by his own knowledge, he perceived only his ignorance, and was humbled by it. 4. Friends and Associates Descartes made few friendships in the years only with people much older than himself, including several of his teachers, but they were lasting. 5. Reading

From his ninth year, Descartes was happiest when alone with his books or in silent meditation. Apparently, although he loved the classics and poetry, he shunned fiction. He cared for logic and rhetoric. Not content to limit himself to the regular assignment for study, he read all of the books that fell into his hands, especially those dealing with the most curious and rare subjects.

6. Production and Achievement At the Jesuit school, the writing of poems was a regular part of the course. Unfortunately, no examples of Descartes' work are preserved. A single biographer, without stating his evidence, asserts that Descartes' great mathematical discovery, the application of algebra to the problems of geometry, was made before the young scientist reached his 18th year.

7. Evidence of the Procurity Before he was 8 years old, René was called by his father the little philosopher because of his questions about reasons and causes. Although his parent, fearing to overtax the boy's delicate health, tried to refrain altogether from training him in his earliest years, so strong was the boy's desire to learn and to study that he, at length, overcame the parental objection. AIIQ 150 Relief Cultural Data 0.53 3. Development from 17 to 26

On leaving college, Descartes spent a year at home, and then at 18 went to Paris, where after a period of relaxation, he resumed his studies, continuing them thereafter until his 22nd year. Then although despising war and warfare, he enlisted under the Prince of Nassau as a means of fulfilling a desire to travel. The years of his military service were devoted largely to his self-directed study. The fruits of this period, 506 works published in his 22nd and 23rd years, remarkable for the originality,

contained the basis of the author's later philosophical discussions. For many years, Descartes travelled throughout Central and Western Europe, serving as a volunteer under several princes, and participating in battle with philosophic detachment. His one aim was to find truth by experience in the world,

and association with its people. AIIIQ 160 Relief Culture Data .60 Denis Diderot, 1713-1784 A celebrated French philosopher and writer AIIIQ 150, AIIIQ 145

One family standing Diderot's family had been engaged in the manufacture of cutlery for at least two centuries. Denis' father was a master of his craft, a much respected and respect-worthy man. The mother was a loving-hearted, just woman. 2. Development to age 17

1. Interests No interests are recorded aside from studies, but Dennis was not wholly serious, for as a boy he was fond of sport and mischief. At one time, he tired of school and decided to follow his father's trade, but four or five days in the shop cured him of the whim, and he willingly returned to his studies. 2. Education At the age of eight, young Diderot was placed in the Jesuit school in his native town, and here he remained until his twentieth year.

3. School standing of progress The progress of young Diderot was rapid. He acquitted himself in the humanities in a brilliant manner, which early showed the unusual capacity which distinguished him throughout life. On one occasion, at least, is recorded that he was awarded prizes of all sorts for composition, for poetry, for memory. 4. Friends and associates, no further record.

5. Reading, no further record 6. Production achievement, no further record 7. Evidences of Prococity, no further record AIIQ 150, Relative Coastal Data, 0.60 3. Development from 7, 10 and 26

On the completion of his course at the lower school, Diderot aged 19 or 20 entered the Jesuit College de Harcourt, where he remained two years. Thereafter, his parents offered him a choice between the professions of medicine and law, but Diderot refused both. He wished to continue his studies, but his father would not support him in this course, so Dennis, insistent on the pursuit of letters, became a literary hack. Occasionally he earned money by teaching, but the mechanical toil was unplattable,

and he preferred the freedom of the garret. He once said to an employer, I am making men of your children, but each day I am becoming a child with them. What I want is not to live better, but to avoid dying. He received monetary assistance from time to time from his old friends.

In this way, poor but free, died or passed the next 10 years of his life. AIIQ 145, Relief Culture Data 0.60 Pierre Gassendi, 1592-1655 A celebrated French philosopher, physicist and astronomer. AIIQ 150, AIIQ 160

1. Family Standing Gassendi's parents were modest working people, remarkable neither for birth nor for fortune. 2. Development to age 17 1. Interests None recorded apart from his studies

2. Education At a very early age, Cassendi was sent to the College of Digny 3. School standing and progress He showed particular aptitude for languages and mathematics At 16, he was invited to lecture in rhetoric at the college he had attended

4. Friends and associates 5. Reading 6. Production and achievement At the age of 13, the little doctor, as Cassendi was called, composed minor dramas and prose and poetry, and with his playmates, presented them in the homes of the leading families of the city. 7. Evidences of Precursity

From his earliest years, Cassendi showed unmistakable marks of genius, when scarcely four, he preached little sermons. At 70, he showed his learning towards astronomy by giving his comrades ingenious explanations of the movements of the moon. At 10 he had ranked the Bishop of Ding in Latin, and that worthy predicted for him a brilliant future. See also 2, 3 and 6. AI IQ 150, Relief Coastal Data 0.43

3. Development from 17 to 26 At 17 Gesenny went to Aix to study Greek, Hebrew and theology, and then to Avignon, where he took the degree of doctor. A little later, he obtained a small benefice at Dinn. At the age of 21, at Avignon, having been offered a choice of the chairs of theology or philosophy, he chose the former. Three years later, he was given to the chair of philosophy an addition.

At the age of 25, he took holy orders, but continued teaching five years longer. A.I.I.I.Q. 160, Relief Cursor Data Point 5.3 George William Frederick Hegel, 1770-1831 A celebrated German philosopher AIIQ 150

AIIIQ 145 1. Family Standing Hegel's paternal ancestors were members of the middle class, teachers, preachers, officials, and tradesmen. Frederick's father was an officer in the fiscal service. His mother was a woman of considerable education and intelligence.

Of her family we have no report. 2. Development to age 17 1. Interests. Hegel at the age of six was fond of physical activity, but his dancing teacher found him awkward and ungainly. From his sixth year until he left the university, the boy's scholastic activities and interests demanded more than the usual amount of time

and energy. He found it difficult to satisfy his naturally inquisitive mind. Of other than academic interests, it is reported only that he had, at the age of 15, made a collection of insects. 2. Education. The children's education was the most important concern of the household. The mother began instructing her son, Frederick, in his fifth year, and she was tender to him because he learned so well. Before he was six, the boy was sent to a

Latin school. At ten, a course of study under excellent private tutors was planned by his father in order to advance the boy more rapidly than his regular school work would do. The special studies in which he received private instruction included latin greek and mathematics both pure and applied with practical surveying parts of fighters christiaid were learned by heart his 14th year hebrew was added three school standing on progress before he was nine years

old hegel had begun to show intellectual curiosity and the power to reflect and generalize at the age of 12 he was familiar with the definitions of the idea clara at 14 and three-fourths he was familiar with the principles of Wolff's logic, and at 15 he began to have his own ideas on the interpretation of history. At his age he was carrying heavy courses in classics and mathematics in addition to his regular school work. An out-of-school task was a translation of

Nung-Dynis on the sublime. Hegel had the unusual taste to prefer the harder Greek to the easier Latin. 4. Friends and Associates Although happy as a child among children, Hegel began at an early age to seek the companionship of older persons. His teacher, Loughler, and his confessor, the prelate Grainger, and other men of parts began to interest themselves in his progress when he was no more than eight

or nine years of age. In his teens he met the antiquarian Betulius, who became his friend. 5 Reading When Herbal was eight years old, he was presented by his teacher, Loughler, with a copy of Wylan Shakespeare. The donor's comment was this, You don't understand it yet, but you soon will. The first play read by the boy himself was the merry wise Windsor.

Hegel read more than the usual school selection of Greek and Latin classics, and he also read Hebrew. He ranged widely in German history, literature, and philosophy. At 16 or 17, or perhaps even earlier, Hegel formed the habit of reading a number of literary periodicals, and his examination of the critical works of others gave him objectivity of judgment and critical balance. 6. Production and Achievement

At the age of 14 and three-fourths, Hegel began to preserve in a diary a record of his school progress in German and Latin, an account of important events in various ethical and intellectual discourses. This record is for the most part dry, pedantic and critical, written in the spirit of contemporary enlightenment. From works he had read, he compiled a book of definitions, and a little later, at 16 or 17, he began to fill complex books with extracts from his reading arranged systematically, a practice which he continued regularly thereafter. He made a complete bibliography in a correct technical form of the books in his own library. In his 15th year, he made a school declamation,

which was praised because it was a true presentation of the spirit of the period, which it was designed to represent. 7. Evidence and Subticosity Hegel's development in school progress gave evidence of a deep, critical, thoughtful mind. See also 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

AI IQ 150 relived quotient of data 0.60. 3. Development from 17 to 26 At the age of 18, Hegel entered the University of Thubingen, with an excellent school record behind him. As he was destined for the church, theology, reinforced with philosophy, naturally formed the basis of his study. The semi-monastic discipline and narrow atmosphere of the university repelled him,

and he found solace in writing, dancing and drinking, as well as in the study of classical and modern authors. As time proceeded, Hegel was more and more drawn away from the scholastic theology toward the wider, freer field of philosophy, especially in its relation to religion. The statement in his Certificate of Dismissal, that he had bestowed no attention whatever on philosophy,

is a better indication of the slight knowledge his instructors had of him than it is of his interest in achievement. The next three years of youth, aged 23 to 26, spent in Switzerland as a tutor. At this time, his study was chiefly directed to problems of religion and ethics, and these he attempted to solve from the historical rather than the philosophical

standpoint. This period is important because it was then that Hegel's philosophy was forming and developing. AI IQ 1945 Relative Kosher Data.60 End of section 29