menu_book Chapter 28

Section 28 of Genetic Studies of Genius, Volume 2, The Early Mental Traits of 300 Geniuses, by Catherine Cox. This is a LibriVox According. All LibriVox Accordings in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recorded by Leon Harvey. Chapter 18, Part 5. Pierre-Simon Laplace, 1749-1827.

A celebrated French astronomer and mathematician. AIIQ 145 AIIIQ 170 1. Family standing Laplace was the son of a poor labourer of Lower Normandy.

Because of the scientist's own reticence on the subject, no information regarding his family and ancestry was preserved. 2. Development to age 17 1. Interests C23 2. Education Laplace showed his early education to the patronage of some persons of importance whose interest in him was excited by his early precocity, and who placed him in the College of Sain.

From this institution he advanced through the military school of Beaumont. 3. School Standing and Progress It was at Beaumont that Laplace first gave evidence of his great mathematical powers. Previously, he had been remarkable chiefly for a wonderful memory and extraordinary acuteness in debating points of theology. Four friends and associates, no record.

Five reading, no specific record, but C23. Six, production achievement. After he had completed his course as a student in Belmont, he remained in the school as assistant professor of mathematics, completed his mastery of mathematical analysis and its application to dynamics in astronomy. me. 7. Evidences of Blococity C2, 2, 3, 6. AI IQ 145, relative caution of data 0.20.

3. Development from 17 to 26. At the age of 18, Laplace journeyed to Paris, seeking there a greater scope for his mathematical powers than a province afforded. After initial rebuff, he obtained an enthusiastic response from T'Elembert, who appointed him Professor of Mathematics at the École Militaire of Paris. At 23, the young scientist communicated two papers of great value to the Academy,

and the following year applied his mastery of analysis to the study of planetary motion, with the result that he made the most important advance on physical astronomy since the time of Newton. From the age of 24, that place continued for 14 years. Investigations were culminated when he was 38 in discoveries that finally determined the stability of the solar system. AIIIQ 170 Relative Culture Data 0.60

Matas Tesso Pietro Antonio Domenica Bonaventura Trapassi 1698-1782 A Noted Italian Poet AIIIQ 145 AIIIQ 145 1. Family Standing Felice Trapassi, the poet's father, came from an honourable family of Assisi.

He had served as a private in the Pope's guard, but after his marriage he went into trade, setting up a little drug shop. There is no record of the mother or her family. 2. Development of 817 1. Interests Pietro, when no more than a child, was fond of scribbling verses.

On occasion also, he would hold a crowd attentive in the streets of Rome, while he recited impromptu rhymes on a given subject. 2. Education Gravina, director of the Arcadian Academy, who adopted the talented boy when he was about 11 years old, decided to educate him to be a jurist. He made him learn Latin and Greek and began the study of law,

but according to the academican's plan, the boy was also permitted to exercise poetry, although only as an elegant pastime. At 16, Pietro took minor orders in the church. 3. School standing in progress. Pietro worked hard enough at his studies to injure his health.

4. Friends and Associates As Gravener's adopted son, he associated with well-educated boys. Handsome, bright and winning, he charmed everyone. 5. Reading, no record. 6. Production and Achievement

At the age of eleven, young Tripasi was taken by Gravina to literary assemblies in the houses of nobles and prelates, and there on occasion he would improvise as many as eighteen stanzas in a single evening. At 12 he translated the Iliad into octave stanzas, and two years later composed the tragedy in the manner of Seneca, which was published. 7. Evidences of Precocity C2.6 AI IQ 145 Relative Coaching of Data 0.53

3. Development from 17 to 26 Upon the death of Gravina, Metastasio, aged 20, inherited a considerable estate. Tired now of the drehtery of study, he determined to obtain some employment about the pontifical court, and while waiting for it, to amuse himself. He failed to secure the ecclesiastical appointment, and at the end of two years of fast living,

his money was gone, and with it his friends. Although he did not like hard work, nor the law, he was afraid of poverty, and so he determined to work as clerk to a distinguished Napolitan lawyer. At twenty-four, he secretly composed a serenata, glee, orti, es periti. for the celebration of the birthday of the empress.

The authorship was discovered by the famous prima donna La Romanina, who in consequence adopted Pietro, taking him and his family into her house. He now had the opportunity of meeting the greatest composers of the day and of pursuing his studies in the art of singing and of composition. At 25, he wrote the text of an opera on Dido, Didon Abandonata,

the success of which was prodigious. AIIIQ 145 Relief Criptured Data 0.53 Michelangelo Buonarroti 1475-1564 A famous Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet AIIIQ 145 AIIIQ 160

1. Family Standing The Buonarroti family belonged to the respectable Berger nobility. Michelangelo's father was an impractical, easygoing individual of no profession. Nothing is recorded of the mother or her family. 2. Development to age 17.

1. Interests. At school, Michelangelo devoted most of his time to drawing, a pursuit not included in the curriculum, and which his father tried to discourage, as he did not wish a painter in the family. Michelangelo early sought the acquaintance of artists, and took every opportunity to converse with them. From his 14th through 16th year, during the period of Lorenzo di Medici's patronage,

the youth devoted most of his time to the study and practice of drawing, painting and sculpture. He also cultivated the society of distinguished contemporaries as they met at Lorenzo's table, and through them he was introduced to the great men of the past in literature. It is characteristic of Michelangelo that, living among parasites, he never lost his independence of character.

2. Education Of Michelangelo's earliest years, nothing is recorded. At the age of 13 he was sent to school in Florence where he learned to read and write and was introduced to the elements of Latin. During the same year his reluctant father was finally persuaded to apprentice the gifted boy to Gerliantio and Curato. And from then he learned the principles of his art in a sound and simple manner, developing at the same time extraordinary skill of hand.

At 14, he was chosen, with Granasi, from among the art students to attend the new art school of Lorenzo di Medici, then under the direction of the excellent teacher Bertoldo, who instructed his pupils in drawing, painting and sculpture. 3. School Standing and Progress, C2, 2 and 5 Apparently Michelangelo attended the common school for less than one year. 4. Friends and Associates

At the age of 12, the boy found a congenial friend in Granasi, C2, 2. two years his junior, who was already a pupil of Guerlain D'Eau, and who lent Michelangelo his teacher's drawings. At the age of 13, he was associated with Guerlain D'Eau and Curador, and from 14 to 19, with the Medici and their brilliant artistic circle.

Among the latter, he especially attracted the attention of the poet Poliziano, who often conversed with him, and who took special care also to provide him with suitable instruction. 5. Reading At 14 or 15, the young artist began to read Dante and other Italian poets, and the Bible also, and these works continued to engage his attention throughout his life.

6. Production and Achievement At the age of 13, Michelangelo was so proficient in drawing that he received a salary, although he was then in the first year of his apprenticeship. His passion for his art was so strong that every available space became a sketch surface. It is written that he drew so well at this time that he caused wonder to all who saw it, and envy to the less generous.

The young artist's first recorded work, a free-coloured copy of The Temptation of St. Anthony by Schoenkeller, belongs to his fourteenth year. Other drawings executed at the same year made his master exclaim, This one knows more about it than I. But many years later, Michelangelo modestly stated that he had himself known more of art in that day than now. He made so clever a counterfeit of a borrowed drawing that he was able to return it to the owner of the original without detection.

In his 15th or 16th year, Michelangelo carved the mask of a faun, his second recorded work, and his first known work in marble, and he worked on Masakio's frescos. Four works are known to belong to the period from his 15th to his 19th year. The Battle of the Centaurs, a really characteristic study, was executed when the sculptor was no more than 16 or 17. 7. Evidences of Precursity, C2, 2 and 6 AI IQ 145, Relative Curship Data 0.43

3. Development from 17 to 26 The island sculptor lived in the Medici Palace until he was 19, when he fled to Bologna, having foreseen, after the death of Lorenzo, the revolt against the weak and foolish rule of the younger Medici. At Bologna, he was befriended by Senator Aldovandi, who took the youth into his house and there shared with him a literary feast. Reading aloud the works of Dante, Petra and Boccasio.

By the time Michelangelo was 20, peace had been restored in Florence, largely through the influence of Savanarola. Another Lorenzo di Medizzi now favoured the young sculptor with his patronage and commissioned him to execute a statue of Saint John. This work had been preceded by a wooden crucifix card when Michelangelo was 17 and two small statues of perhaps his 19th year. The sculptor's next statue was a cupid which was sold, but without Michelangelo's knowledge, as an antique to a cardinal who prided himself on his capacity as a critic. At the age of 21, the sculptor arrived in Rome, bearing a letter of introduction to this cardinal, who in spite of the deception that had been played upon him, received the young man cordially and soon learned to value his judgement.

In the following year, although still a poverty-stricken artist, the youth gave financial assistance to his father, who had contracted a heavy debt. At the age of 23, Michelangelo executed for Sino Gali a very fine pacus. A little later, the Pietre was begun, and when in the following year Michelangelo completed this marvellous work, he had indeed accomplished what no other artist then living could have done. It was probably during his 25th or 26th year that Michelangelo finished the Madonna of Glutis,

which holds in sculpture the same position as a siste Madonna holds in painting. At 25, yielding to the reiterated requests of his father, the young man returned to Florence. AIIIQ 160 Relative Coaching Data 0.43 John Milton, 1608-1674 A Celebrated English Poet

AIIIQ 145 AIIIQ 170 One Family Standing Milton's maternal ancestors belonged to the gentry. The grandfather, a young man, was also a church warden, who disinherited his son John, the poet's father. A young man of character and education for becoming a Protestant, and letter turned Scravener, prospered rapidly, and had in the end a plentiful estate.

The older John Milton was fond of literature and of music, and his musical compositions were published during his lifetime among those of 21 foremost English composers of the day. The mother, a tailor's daughter, and known for her charities, was a most excellent mother. 2. Devoma to age 17 1. Interests From his childhood Milton was a poet, at ten he was already a serious little Puritan, and he was noted two years later for his impetuosity in learning.

2. Education John Milton was the pride and care of his parents, who destined him for the study of humane letters. His first formal instruction was received, before he was nine years old, from a private tutor, a university man who grounded him well in Latin, introduced him to Greek, at the same time awoke in him a feeling for poetry, and set him upon the making of English and Latin verses.

This instruction was continued until, at the age of 11, John entered St Paul's school, where he remained five years. Until he was 13, the instruction of private tutors was continued in addition to regular scholastic activities at St Paul's. In school and out, Milton appears to have learnt not only Latin and Greek, but also French, Italian and some Hebrew. At 16 he left St Paul's and entered Cambridge as a lesser pensioner. This was not an unusual age for entrance, for boys frequently entered at 15 or even at 14, as did Milton's friends, Diodati.

A daily closure routine included in those days religious exercises, lectures and examinations in Latin, Greek, logic, mathematics, philosophy, etc., and public disputation. 3. School Standing and Progress At St. Paul's, Milton, aged 11-16, took passionately to studying. He seldom left his lessons for a bed until midnight,

a practice which produced frequent headaches and was the first cause of injury to his eyes. No definite record is preserved of his standing in his classes at school or of his progress during the first year at the university. Four friends and associates. Gil, the clever son of the school director and a writer of graceful Latin and Greek verse, was Milton's first literary mentor and critic. Charles Diodati, a gifted youth, far advanced in school, was his most intimate and most devoted associate in both school and college.

His first tutor, Young, remained a lifelong friend. 5. Reading From the age of 11 to 16, Milton read much English literature, finding congenial matter in such works as Spencer's Fairy Queen and Sylvester's translation of Duke Bartas. Rhymes, images, and tones of expression in his verses, written at 15, suggest that Milton was then familiar with a wide range of poetical writers, for they recall Sylvester, Spencer, Drummond, Drayton, Chaucer, Fairfax, and Butchernan. 6. Production and Achievement

Milton's first extended compositions, paraphrases of two psalms, date from his 16th year. Of these, Madison says, apart from the empty faculties shown in the verses, they do have some poetic merit. While Dr. Johnson's characteristic criticism is as follows, There is no great expectations. They would in a numerous school have obtained praise, but not an excited wonder.

A letter written from Cambridge when John was 16 gives happy expression to devoted affection for his friend and also shows skill in manipulating a formal Latin style. 7. Evidences of Procursity Milton appears to have been regarded by his parents as a child of unusual promise. See also 2, 5 and 6.

AI IQ 145 Relative Culture Data 0.75 3. Development from 17 to 26 Milton attended Cambridge as an undergraduate from the age of 16 to 20, but the years were not joyful for he found his companions on the whole uncongenial. Several poems in Latin and English were written at this time and some noteworthy Latin orations,

but the poet's future greatness was not yet anticipated. Continuing in residence until he was 23, he received his master's degree at the end of that period, after studying so intently that he had seriously aggravated the weakness that was to become his affliction. Ilegies and poems appeared in Latin and English, including the Ode on the Morning of Christ's Nativity. It is probable that his relations with his colleagues became more happy as his reputation began to spread.

Indeed, during the last years at the university, and as the fellows of his own college recognised the extraordinary wit and reading he had shown in his performance to attain his degree, he was recognised as without an equal and came to be admired and loved by all. At the age of 24, John Milton returned to his father's home, and there, with abundant leisure, he studied not only the classics, but music and mathematics also, and wrote between his 24th and 26th years, beside many other poems, Le Allegro, Le Penséroso, and Comas.

AIIQ 170 Relive Culture Data Pointe 2 Daniel O'Connell, 1775-1847, an Irish patriot and orator. AIIQ 145, AIIQ 145 1. Family Standing The O'Connells were an old and prominent family of Ireland.

Daniel's paternal grandmother, related to Donald Mahoney, the terrible papist that ruled South Kerry with his 4,000 followers, was a woman of great talent and reckoned among her gifts that of song from her, Daniel said to have inherited much of his energy and eloquence. Daniel's father was a third son and one of 22 children. His mother, a woman of a high order of intellect, came from an old and property Catholic family. 2. De Verma, 2018 One interests. As early as the age of nine, O'Connell preferred reading to play.

He liked ballads above all things when a boy. See also 2-7. His devotion to his native country was early apparent. When no more than 15, he told a Frenchman who was surprised at his failure to object to violent abuse of England, that England was not his country, and he was therefore not offended at the abuse.

He said that as an Irishman, he had as little reason to love England as a Frenchman had. perhaps less. O'Connell's interests were not literary or intellectual. He appears to have inspired among his fellow students a wholesome dread of his prowess as a buddhist. 2. Education At the age of four, Daniel learned his alphabet in an hour from an itinerant head schoolmaster.

The next reference to his prowess is a statement that he was sent by his uncle at the age of 13 to the Reverend Mr. Harrington's school near Cork. Being destined for the law by his uncle, who was also his guardian, he was sent abroad in his 16th year. He first spent a short time at Louvain, then entered the English college at St. Homer, where the curriculum included the study of Latin and Greek authors, French, English, and geography.

O'Connell reports reading Mignot's, Arrangs, Cicero, and Cesar at sight, Domestines, Homer, Xenophon, Xenobasis, and Degasso's speeches. When just 17, he entered the English college at Douay. 3. School standing on progress. Because he was so attentive, O'Connell was the only boy not beaten at school.

Always remarkably quick and persevering, he could not book the idea of being inferior to others, and in consequence of his ambitious spirit during the short time he was at Levine, he rose to a high place in a class of 120 students. And St. Omer, as he reports, being second in Latin, Greek and English, and 11th in French. 4. Friends and Associates

O'Connell's two close pressing rivals at Sonoma were Walsh, Artwood, Right Reverend Doctor and Bishop of the Midland District of England, and Christopher Fagan, later a general in the English India Company's service and judge advocate of the Indian forces. 5. Reading The first book he ever read was Captain Cook's Voyage Round the World. Say 2-2 for books read as part of his school course. 6. Production Achievement At the age of 10, O'Connell composed a drama on the fortunes of the House of Stuart, and

while at Sonoma's, he wrote a very credible essay upon the systems of education pursued in England and France, respectively. 7. Evidences of Precocity Until after his third birthday, Daniel was brought up by a herdsman's wife. The following anecdote is preserved from this early period.

Just before he left the cabin, a wedding took place there. Being a precocious and observant child, Daniel noticed at home how frequently parties assembled under his father's hospital roof and asked, Is there a wedding here every night? From the age of seven, or perhaps even earlier,

the boy felt a presentiment that he would distinguish himself. And I am here remarked on one occasion, I'll make a stir in the world yet. He always had one object, and that was to do something for Ireland, for he hated Saxon domination.

AII Q145, Relive Capture Data 0.75. 3. Development from 17 to 26. Because of the state of affairs in France in 1793, Daniel and his brother left hastily, wearing the despised tricolour cockade for protection against the Republicans, and returning to England and to school there. A little later, the uncle reported that Dan is indeed promising in everything that is good and estimable. At the age of 18, O'Connell began the study of law, first entering Lincoln's inn, and a year later, Dublin.

He read very widely during the following years, and before he was 23, he was called to the bar. At the age of 19, he had been finally converted from sympathy with tourism to popular opinions and principles. At 21, he was inspired by a visit to the House of Commons to write these words. I too will be a member, young as I am. I even now not appear contemptible. I will steadfastly and preservingly attach myself to the real interests of Ireland.

At 23, attending a Catholic meeting in Dublin, he made his first political speech. The passing of the Legislative Union Act first stirred him up to press forward in politics. AIIIQ 145 Relative Coaching Update 0.75 Charles Augustin Saint-Buv, 1804-1869, a French poet and critic. AIIIQ 145, AIIIQ 155

1. Family Standing Saint-Buv's grandfather and great-grandfather were town officials. His father first held minor positions in Boulogne, excised the custom office, and later was promoted to the position of chief controller of the consolidated duties. He was an intelligent man whose library, in the marginal notes which covered many of its volumes, bore evidences of his careful and wide reading. His expressed reflections and judgments showed moderate views.

Some of his maxims are profound and admirably expressed. They give evidence of the same flexibility of mind, with the same vivacity of phrase, which marked the epigrams of his son. That is known as Saint-Bieu's maternal ancestors beyond the fact that his grandfather was a sailor and his grandmother an Englishwoman. The mother had a practical turn of mind, simple and quiet manners, and a very remarkable accuracy of observation. 2. Development to 817

1. Interests When at school in Paris, St. Buev wrote that he found much consolation in religion, for having at this time no confidential friend to whom he might confide his troubles, he prayed to God and thus opened a way to dissipate his sorrow. But before he was 17, he had become entirely emancipated from all religious beliefs. 2. Education A posthumous and an only child, St. Buev was brought up by his mother with the utmost care.

Although she was a Catholic, she did not hesitate to send her son to M. Blerot's secular school, for there he could enjoy the instruction of a good teacher and humanist, M. Cloet. At the age of 13 and a half, having completed the entire course of study under M. Blerot, including also an extra portion of rhetoric, St. Buev persuaded his mother to send him to Paris, where he entered the college Charlemagne.

The next year, he reports studying, in Greek, the second book of the Leylet, Plutarch's Life of Cicero, and the Gospels, and in Latin, Salas' Jugithian War and Thoughts of Cicero, and the third book of the Aeneid. In his third year, one of his teachers was Paul-Francois Dubois,

the modernist founder of the globe, soon to be deprived of his teaching position because of his liberalism. When 16, St. Biov transferred to the College Bourbon, attending, in addition, the Athenée, for three hours each evening, where he heard lectures and followed courses in physiology, chemistry and other sciences. Three, school's standing on progress. At the College, Charlemagne St. Biov was always first or second, rarely third, in the weekly compositions.

At the end of the year, he received the first prize in history. He was very fond of his professor there, and the opinion of the boy, nobody could teach a class better than he does. At a college boardman, he pursued his studies with his usual application and success. Here he took first prize for Latin verse. Fifty-one of his college themes, both in French and Latin, were later published as models of their kind by one of his former masters.

Because of his studious habits and the honors he won in the college, he was treated with special consideration by his patron, M. Landry. When at school in Paris, St. Buve boarded with this gentleman, sat at his table and met his particular friends, who treated him like a large boy or a little man. 4. Friends and Associates The boy's teachers were attached to him, and lavished much attention on him. With two of his schoolmates, whose interests were congenial, he formed close relationships warmly attested by letters.

5. Reading St. Buve took an interest in literature apart from his regular schoolwork. Among others, he expressed enthusiastic admiration for the writings of Casimir de Levigny. 6. Production achievement. A note written when he was 16 and entitled,

A young Italian poet at the tomb of Tasso, was thought worthy of preservation by his teacher, Du Bois. 7. Evidences of Precursity, no further record. AI IQ 145, relative culture of data 0.75. 3. Development from 1726.

At 18, St. Beu's reading centred in the French Revolution. He had formulated his ideas of government, rejected the theory of the divine-righted kings, and politically was a moderate radical. Having a decided taste for the study of medicine, he spent the next four years at the medical school, where in spite of the fact that he became introspective, morbidly curious and morose, a lasting advantage was imparted by the discipline of scientific training.

Encouraged by this former teacher, the liberalist Du Bois, try his talent for writing without giving up his medical course, he began at 19 to write geographical sketches and book reviews for the Du Bois Journal. One at least of the reviews shows a singular open-mindedness and such an uncommon grasp of critical principles

that its author was chosen to review Hugo's Odes and Ballads. These articles brought about a friendship with Victor Hugo, who praised some of his original verses, and won him over to that branch of the Romantic school of which he was the head. Friendships with Lamartine and de Mousset followed.

At 22, finding it easier to make a success of literary work, St. Buve gave up medicine, and by the age of 23 he was already a learned man and a skilled writer. His life, poems and thoughts of Joseph Delamore appeared when he was 24, and the next year his second book of poems, Consolations, was published.

For this time, and because it paid well, He began writing articles for the Review of Departes. AIIQ 155 Relief Culture Data 0.75 Daniel Webster, 1782-1852 A famous American statesman, orator and lawyer.

AIIQ 145, AIIQ 150 One family standing. Webster came of Scottish stock. His grandfather was a farmer and freeholder. His father, a frontiersman, who rose to the rank of captain in the French and Indian Wars

and became a colonel during the revolution, was an unlettered man of strong mind, sound common sense, correct judgment, and tenacious memory. From being a farmer and an innkeeper, he became a legislator and a magistrate. The mother was a woman of more than ordinary intellect, who possessed a force of character which was felt through the humble circle in which she moved.

2. Development to age 17. 1. Interests. At the age of eight, young Webster listened to the political discussions of his father and his father's friends. The boy was not successful in farm work, and in the summer he found hanging so lonesome that his father sent him back to study with his tutor. At the academy he did not mix much in the sport of the boys, but he wept for joy when his father told him he was to go to college.

2. Education The father's highest ambition was to educate his children to the full extent of his rather limited means. He sent all of his sons to the town school, but Daniel was given further training because his physical frailty seemed to preclude a robust occupation. The boy entered his first school at three or four years of age, and his second about a year later, where he received instruction in reading and writing. He continued to attend school from time to time whenever he could be spared from the farm.

When he was 13 years old, his father found that the improved family finances made it possible to plan a college education for one son. Daniel was chosen, and accordingly entered, at 14, Phillips Exeter Academy, then under the leadership of the eminent Dr. Abbott. Here he began the study of Latin under a brilliant tutor, younger than himself, and at 15 he received special instruction in preparation for college. Although he had studied Virgil and Cicero with much pleasure, we read that he entered Dartmouth at 15, miserably prepared both in Latin and Greek. 3. School's turning on progress.

Webster could not recall a time when he could not read the Bible. In fact, at a very early age, he could read even better than his master, whereas in writing he was so poor that he doubted if any master could improve him. From later school days, his teacher recalled that Daniel was always the brightest boy in the school and Ezekiel his brother the next.

But Daniel was much quicker in his studies than his brother. He would learn more in five minutes than any other boy would in five hours. Their master, recognising remarkable qualities in both brothers, told the Father that he would do God's work in justice if he did not send both Daniel and Ezekiel to college. When a jackknife was offered as a prize to the one who would commit to memory the most verses in the Bible between Saturday and Monday morning,

Daniel Webster won by repeating 60 or 70 verses, and even then was stopped several chapters short of what he had learned. On entering the academy of 14, he was placed in the lowest class, but was promoted after a short period. Daniel's manners and clothing subjected him to the ridicule of some of his classmates, but his tutor encouraged him by saying that he was a better scholar than any in his class, and that he learned more readily and easily than the others.

Although he learned quickly either poetry or prose, he found it impossible to make a declamation, for he could not speak when all eyes were fixed upon him. At the age of 15, he learned Greek for college entrance in six weeks, under the tutorship of Arsenia from Dartmouth.

He surprised his Latin tutor on one occasion by the length of a Virgil translation prepared in one night. Webster entered college recommended for his abilities rather than for his attainments, and during his course there, although he was a good scholar and punctual in attendance at all exercises, he was ever spoken of as the best in his class. 4. Friends and Associates

A companion of his early boyhood days was an old English soldier who had deserted at Bunker Hill, hill and who taught the boy to fish, in return for having the paper read to him. Other associates were members of the family and schoolmates. 5. Reading At the age of seven, Webster entertained the Teamsters, who stopped at his father's inn

by reading aloud out of the Psalms of David. At ten or twelve, he could repeat the Psalms and hymns of Dr. Watts. He read Pope's essay on man, and according to one authority, learned to repeat the whole of it in a single day. He said later,

We had so few books that to read them once or twice was nothing. We thought they were all to be got by heart. Through a small circulating library, Daniel obtained the spectator. He also read the criticisms of Chevy Chase for the sake of the verses cited. For the age of nine to thirteen, he read whatever he could lay his hands upon,

and he read at all hours. Even while tending the sawmill, one eye was on his book, the other less attentively on the machinery. His speed was proverbial, and he himself recalled that at 15 he read through in one sitting the common translation of Don Quixote in three or four volumes. 6. Production and Achievement

At the age of 16, Webster wrote some verses which, according to his critic, exhibit no more poetic talent or power of versification or vigor of mind than any lad of 16 similarly educated might show. 7. Evidences of Prococity See also 2, 2, 3, and 5. When Webster was about 8, he bought a cotton handkerchief inscribed by the Constitution of the United States. Having read this, he rumored it more or less ever after.

AI IQ 145, Relive Kosher Data 0.60 3. Development from 17 and 26 At college, Daniel Webster had a good reputation for scholarship. He was recognized not only as the best writer and speaker among the students, but also as a skilled athlete. While attending Dartmouth, he persuaded his parents to prepare his brother for college.

He himself assisted the project financially. By superintending a small weekly paper, he earned enough to pay his board, and he increased the family excrever, doing vacation by teaching school. At the age of 18, Webster delivered a Fourth of July oration, which is powerful in thought. He began to study politics.

At the age of 19, he entered a law office to prepare for the profession his father had chosen for him. He read as much as he was able, both history and literature. At four months of legal work, he took charge of an academy and an addition copied deeds in order further to help in maintaining his brother at college. From the age of 20 to 22, he was in the law office of Mr. Thompson,

and then for a year with Mr. Gore, who was later commissioner to England and governor of Massachusetts. During all this time, Wester kept up his legal and literary reading. At one time, he carried out legal translations from Latin and Norman French. Always for recreation, he enjoyed fishing, shooting and solitary riding. At the age of 23, he was offered a post at a good salary, but was persuaded by Mr. Gore to refuse it as unlikely to lead to anything better.

Accommoded by the warmest recommendations from his employer, Webster was shortly after admitted to the practice of law at Boston. At 25, became attorney and councillor of the Superior Court of New Hampshire. AIIIQ 150, Relief Coach from Data Point 60. Johann Joachim Winkleman, 1717-1768, a German critic and author, the founder of scientific archaeology and the history of classic art, AIIQ 145. 1. Family Sterling.

Winkleman was the only son of a poverty-stricken cobbler of Silesian descent and his wife, the daughter of a weaver. 2. Development rate 17. 1. Interests. Wickeman's father wished to train his son to be a cobbler, but the boy showed no desire to engage in this occupation. He was intent on study, always slipping away whenever he could to read a book.

He disliked childish sports, and when out as the proctor of the younger children, he memorized Latin and Greek vocals from his little pocket notebooks while the children skated. From the Latin writers he copied passages he thought beautiful, and these he treasured as of greater value than all theological works. Indeed, during the hours of religious instruction,

he was inattentive to the discourse, for he was reading classical works. Cicero was his favourite writer. 2. Education Wigerman attended the lowest school of the village, but his eager mind was not satisfied with the poor instruction imparted there,

and he begged his father to send him to the Latin school, an almost unprecedented desire for a village boy. The request was granted and he became the pupil of Rector Tabert, an enthusiastic and diverted teacher. In the gymnasium, the emphasis in instruction was on Latin, 20 hours per week, but Greek

was taught also with some care, while geometry, history and geography were crowded into a single hour of private and paid instruction. 3. School standing and progress. History, geography, languages and the works of the classical writers held the youth entranced

In imitating the style of his favourite author, young Wickelman stood first among his classmates. Four, friends and associates. The pastor of the teacher and the head beetle, as well as other townsfolk, were all kind to young Wickelman. The boy was loyally devoted to his parents and did not leave home until after his mother's death, when his father no longer needed his financial assistance.

Five, reading. By the time he was fifteen, the boy had collected a little library of his own. It was about the same age that he first came upon works on art and sculpture. 6. Production and Achievement Wickerman helped to pay his expenses at the Latin school by singing in the church choir and the village Carendre,

a popular chorus composed of poor children who sang publicly. Even as a boy, Johann's scholarship was so sound that he became Tappert's assistant with the younger children and attended the private lessons of the two sons of a distinguished lawyer in order to help them. In his first reported thesis, written when he was 14 and a half, the young scholar discussed the problem, whether the image of God was created or added as a supernatural gift of

God. When Wigelman was 15, his teacher, Rector Tabert, lost his eyesight, and so came to employ the boy as his assistant, Anna Menussis. It may have been about this time that Johan persuaded the other boys to help him excavate for archaeological treasures in the old mountains of the Huns.

At 16 he became a choir prefect and assistant at the organ. 7. Evidences of Dicosity, C2, 1, 2, 3 and 6. AI IQ 145, Relative Cultural Data 0.60. 3. Development from 17 to 26. Winckelmann went from the Provincial Latin School to attend the famous Colinusis Gymnasium at Berlin,

where he earned his board and room by acting as private tutor to the vector's children. Under a very unusual teacher named Dam, he learned Greek with perhaps even more than his usual enthusiasm. Two years at the sales-wet of the gymnasium followed, interrupted only by a foot-journey to Hamburg to attend an auction of some beautiful editions of Greek and Roman authors. At 20, Wilcombe obtained a scholarship at the University of Hale.

Again, he had to coach in order to meet his expenses. Disappointed with the theology course, he soon ceased to attend the lectures. devoting his time rather to deep reading and eager discussions with his many university friends. In theology, his point of view was practically that of the Deists. In philosophy, he was a follower of Wolfe,

and the lecturers on this subject were the only ones he attended regularly. Winkerman's enthusiasm for classical study was equalled by that of one student only, Grouchard, later distinguished military man. At 22, Johann was invited to the great library of the university chancellor. During the next three years he showed the aspect of a homo veicus et in Constans, which the rector of the Colnices Gymnasium had earlier recognised in him.

After holding a tutorship for a brief time in a cultured family, he spent a semester at Jenner studying medicine and mathematics. Then selling his books to defray expenses, he took his academy journey. As tutor to a young man of a good family, he got as far as Frankfurt. He was a wanderer, but apparently a wanderer with a purpose. for on one occasion he made the long journey to A.L. on foot in order to look up a reference in the library.

Although urged to remain at his old university and promised assistance he would do so, he refused. At age 25, he accepted an assistant rectorship in Seahorsen, which he had refused two years earlier. A.I.I.I.Q. 145 Relief Koshua Data Point 60. End of section 28.